Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is 3-5 times more common among Navajo adults than in the general US population. The authors conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for IPD among Navajo adults. Navajos aged > or =18 years with IPD were identified through prospective, population-based active laboratory surveillance (December 1999-February 2002). Controls matched to cases on ag...

Haemodynamic measurements were made in 84 patients with coronary heart disease soon after admission to a cardiac care unit. Patients without acute myocardial infarction had haemodynamic findings no differentfrom those with definite infarction uncomplicated by congestive heart failure or cardiogenic shock. With these complications, however, haemodynamic derangements became more severe. Heart rat...

We evaluate a new approach to service differentiation, based on distinguishing congestive and non-congestive data. We initially define as non-congestive data only minimal-size packets, which do not contribute to congestion themselves, but, however, do suffer delays caused by larger packets. Case examples of such data are typical sensor data. Non-Congestive Queuing (NCQ) needs not follow a state...

Background: The alteration of Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels is the subject of controversy in pleural effusions caused by malignancy, a situation that favors a Th2 immune response. Objective: To examine the different levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines), and IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (Th1 cytokines) in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. Method: The cytokine levels in pleural fl...

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of systemic adverse events associated with intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibiting drugs. DESIGN Population based nested case-control study. SETTING Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS 91,378 older adults with a history of physician diagnosed retinal disease identified between 1 April 2006 and 31 March 2011. Cases were 1477 patients ...

Flosequinan (manoplax) is a new vasodilating agent for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Although it may have several mechanisms of action, whether it has effects on left ventricular inotropic or luisotropic events in hemodynamically relevant low doses when added to standard therapy for congestive heart failure is unknown. Ten patients with dilated congestive cardiomyopathy who were re...

The incidence of congestive heart failure was studied in the Beta Blocker Heart Attack Trial in which postmyocardial infarction patients between the ages of 30 and 69 years, with no contraindication to propranolol, were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 1921) or propranolol 180 or 240 mg daily (n = 1916) 5 to 21 days after admission to the hospital for the event. Survivors of acute myoc...

BACKGROUND The LACE index has been used to predict the risk of unplanned readmission within 30 days after hospital discharge in both medical and surgical patients. The aim of this study is to validate the accuracy of using the LACE index in CHF patients. METHODS This was a retrospective study. The LACE index score was calculated on each patient who was admitted to hospital due to an acute CHF...

BACKGROUND Obesity has recently been shown to have a favorable effect on the prognosis of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), but only a few such studies are available in Japan. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the obesity paradox is still present after adjusting for CHF characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 219 patients hospitalized with CHF wer...