PURPOSE The goals of this study were to investigate whether beta-defensins are differentially expressed in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with moderate dry eye when compared with normal subjects and whether proinflammatory cytokines or bacteria can modulate the expression of human beta-defensins (hBDs)-1, -2, and -3 by conjunctival epithelial cells. METHODS RNA extracted from conjunc...

Introduction Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TAC) are excruciating headaches with limited treatment options. In addition to drug therapy, there some studies regarding nerve blocking and stimulation acceptable results. We had a sequence of three difficult treat patients because the disease or associated condition that made us try something not so usual. Lidocaine, by voltage-gated Na+ channel...

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of nondiagnostic conjunctival map biopsies in patients with extensive pagetoid sebaceous carcinoma (defined as involvement of 3 or 4 quadrants of the ocular surface) and in patients without extensive pagetoid tumor (defined as involvement of 1 or 2 quadrants of the ocular surface). METHODS Retrospective medical record and pathologic specimen review of 20 pa...

PURPOSE To gain a better understanding of the molecular events leading to the development of conjunctival melanocytic lesions and conjunctival melanoma, this study was conducted to investigate the presence of T1799A BRAF oncogenic mutation in these lesions. METHODS Forty-eight surgically excised conjunctival melanocytic lesions from 48 patients were examined for the presence of the BRAF T1799...

PURPOSE Local proliferation of macrophages has been reported to augment the inflammatory response in various human and experimental diseases. Macrophage accumulation in the submucosa is also an important feature in the pathogenesis of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP). In the present study, the role of local proliferation of macrophages in conjunctiva affected by OCP and the relationship betw...

INTRODUCTION Conjunctival metastasis is exceedingly rare, and it is, as a rule, a sign of advanced malignant disease with poor prognosis. We presented a female patient with breast cancer metastasis to the conjunctiva. CASE REPORT A 45-year-old premenopausal female patient was presented with a solitary, yellowish, thin, demarcated lesion in the superior nasal quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva...

background/objective: hyperphosphatemia is the consequence of end stage renal failure. inadequate control of serum phosphorus results in elevated ca × p product with subsequent soft tissue deposition in the form of conjunctival and corneal calcification.  in this study, we evaluated the relationship of conjunctival and corneal calcification with secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis pat...

PURPOSE To report a case of conjuctival leiomyoma. CASE REPORT An 18-year-old female patient presented with a conjunctival growth in the left eye for a 2-year-period with no change in size. She merely presented for cosmetic reasons. Visual acuity was 20/20 in each eye. The lesion had prominent vessels and was not adherent to the sclera. The growth resembled a benign lesion of the conjunctiva....