IN MOST CONSTITUTIONAL democracies, the interpretation of the constitution involves the power of the judiciary (typically the supreme or constitutional court) to determine issues of profound moral and political importance, on the basis of very limited textual guidance, resulting in legal decisions that may last for decades and are practically almost impossible to change by regular democratic pr...

the eu, which has its roots in the early fifties, in a short time reached nearly all aims to which the founders had refereed. establishing the major institutions and promoting its member states to cooperate in economic, social, political and recently in military issues, the eu is going to attain the old aspiration of the europeans, i.e., a united states of europe. in this regard, the conclusion...

Lawyers and judges faced with a contemporary constitutional issue must try to construct a coherent, principled, and persuasive interpretation of the text of particular clauses, the structure of the Constitution as a whole, and our history under the Constitution--an interpretation that both unifies these distinct sources, so far as this is possible, and directs future adjudication. They must se...

BACKGROUND Body constitutional types described in the traditional Korean medicine system, Sasang constitutional medicine, are heritable, as has been revealed by twin and family studies. Thus, individuals with the same constitution type usually have similar pathophysiological and psychological traits. In several recent genome-wide association (GWA) analyses performed to identify constitution-ass...

Spyridon Orestis Palermos This paper focuses on the hypothesis of the extended cognition (HEC), and in particular, on two interrelated objections to it, namely the coupling-constitution fallacy and the cognitive bloat worry. Briefly, if there is no principled way in which we can decide whether a (cognitive) process depends on extra-neural (or extra-organismic) factors in a causal, or constituti...