The article aims to reconstruct the nature of American field art at turn 19th and 20th centuries from Pierre Bourdieu’s theory. analysis is based on interpretation materials gathered in United States. Events period such as emancipation some artists influence Academy, foundation independent schools, creation galleries, establishment artistic criticism, organization subsequent exhibitions contemp...

extended abstract 1. introduction iran's islamic revolution that was initially started after the coup of 1932 (1955 ad), during the 25 years until 1979, in terms of formation, persistence, and practical and ideological leadership took a direction that major revolutions of 19th and 20th centuries fail to take. these revolutions believed that any change out of their framework was simply impossibl...

In 2006, the political coalition Alianza PAÍS promoted a "Citizen's Revolution" in Ecuador that would put an end to neoliberal policies and lead country "buen vivir". However, coalition's arrival government negotiations of 2008 Constitution generated fractures splits within party. The buen vivir was divided into three trends: Indianist, environmentalist socialist. socialist trend became state r...

After the establishment of written language, the most revolutionary development in human communication was the invention of the printing press in the 15 th century (1). Before then, books were handwritten, rare, and expensive. Medieval monasteries supported the transcription of new manuscripts from existing ones, and errors were common because of spelling, handwriting, and abbreviation idiosync...

mitigation of violence and protection of fundamental human rights, in time of war, constitute the main object of international humanitarian law. the subject of present study is to determine whether or not, apart from international obligations, the duty to respect some basic principles of this law results directly from the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. any answer to this question...