The paper deals with structural optimization of biomorphic microcellular ceramics invoking an elasto– plasticity with the von Mises yield criterion in the macroscopic model. The return mapping algorithms introduced by Simo and Ortiz in 1985 are applied for the numerical solution of the problem. The latter methods are computationally effective, robust and stable, and have recently become the mos...

The interest in using the pseudoelastic properties of NiTi wires in orthodontic practice arises chiefly from the expectation that they can afford low continuous forces at constant temperature. The reversion force developed by NiTi archwires depends, however, upon temperature since the superelastic force follows a Clausius-Clapeyron like equation. Actually the oral environment temperature is mod...

We derive a theory-independent version of the momentum constraint equation for use in cosmology, as part Parameterised Post-Newtonian Cosmology (PPNC) framework. Our equations are constructed by adapting corresponding quantities from formalisms devised testing and constraining gravity isolated astrophysical systems, thereby extending domain applicability these approaches up to cosmological scal...

Micromachined force gauges, like many microdevices, are subject to inevitable and inherent uncertainty in dimensional and material parameters that lead to variability in the gauge accuracy and reliability. This paper presents a methodology for the design of a micromachined force gauge under uncertainty, in which the measured force and the maximum stress in the beams in the gauge are related to ...

We introduce a variation of the classical Ricci flow equation that modifies the unit volume constraint of that equation to a scalar curvature constraint. The resulting equations are named the conformal Ricci flow equations because of the role that conformal geometry plays in constraining the scalar curvature and because these equations are the vector field sum of a conformal flow equation and a...

We establish new existence and non-existence results for positive solutions of the Einstein–scalar field Lichnerowicz equation on compact manifolds. This equation arises from the Hamiltonian constraint equation for the Einstein–scalar field system in general relativity. Our analysis introduces variational techniques, in the form of the mountain pass lemma, to the analysis of the Hamiltonian con...

A novel dimensional synthesis technique for solving the mixed exact and approximate motion synthesis problem for spatial CC kinematic chains is presented. The methodology uses an analytic representation of the spatial CC dyad’s rigid body constraint equation in combination with an algebraic geometry formulation of the perpendicular screw bisector to yield designs that exactly reach the prescrib...