We present the case of a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast (G1) in 1993 who underwent surgical treatment (tumorectomy and incomplete lymphadenectomy in which only 3 negative lymph nodes were obtained) and adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (6 cycles of CMF and 50Gy to the breast, the axillary and supraclavicular lymph node chains with overdosage in the a...

BACKGROUND Axillary lymph node staging is traditionally important to provide prognostic information to guide further treatment. However, the relevance of isolated tumour cells (ITC) or micrometastases in axillary nodes and the need for adjuvant treatment remain uncertain. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 18 370 patients with pT1-2 breast cancer with pN0, pN0i+ or pN1mi were analysed. The primar...

BACKGROUND The main prognostic factor in early staged breast cancer is the axillary lymph node metastatic affection. Sentinel lymph node biopsy, as a staging modality, significantly decreases surgical morbidity. The status of internal mammary lymph nodes gains an increased predictive role in grading breast carcinomas and modulation of postoperative therapeutic protocols. If positive, almost alw...

BACKGROUND The objectives of the study were to determine how often a sentinel lymph node is visualized by lymphoscintigraphy in breast carcinoma patients, how often the sentinel lymph node is identified during surgery, and the sensitivity of these procedures to identify the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis. METHODS A total of 136 patients were enrolled in 2 hospitals. Preoperative d...

OBJECTIVE Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the recommended approach in the evaluation of axilla during breast cancer surgery. In this study, results of patients who underwent methylene blue sentinel lymph node biopsy were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 32 female patients with T1 and T2 tumors. 5 ml of 1% methylene blue was injected into the peritumoral area or around the cav...

INTRODUCTION Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an uncommon neoplasm originating from parafollicular C cells. Distant metastasis in MTC, such as axillary node involvement, is extremely rare. CASE REPORT The present study describes a known case of MTC with axillary lymph node metastasis in a 31-year-old woman. In 2010, she underwent total thyroidectomy and right-sided modified radical neck diss...

Lower axillary lymph node dissection (lower parts of both the level I and II elements below the second intracostobrachial nerve) and level I and II lymph node dissection were performed on breast cancer patients (n = 54), and the results with the two methods were compared in terms of the status of detected lymph node metastases. For Stage I, N0 cases, the results for pathological classification ...

IMPORTANCE Nodal ultrasonography with needle biopsy of abnormal lymph nodes helps to define the extent of breast cancer before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A clip can be placed to designate lymph nodes with documented metastases. Targeted axillary dissection or selective removal of lymph nodes known to contain metastases (clip-containing nodes) as well as sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) may provide mo...

The purpose of this study was to assess whether breast cancer subtype (BCS) as determined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 can predict the axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Patients who received breast conserving surgery or mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were identified from 2 cancer centers. The associations...

1Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA 2Clinical Breast Care Project, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963, USA 3Division of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany 4Department of Pathology, University of Milan School o...