Bitemporal visual field defects are usually associated with lesions of the optic chiasm. The field loss may be caused by pressure, primary neoplasia, arachnoiditis, or demyelinating disease. While the findings of a bitemporal defect should always direct attention to these possibilities, a careful inspection of the optic disc may reveal an ocular cause for the field loss. The purpose of this com...

BACKGROUND Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation was described as the presence of an asymptomatic, well-circumscribed, yellow-orange, peripapillary lesion at the inferior border of the myopic conus in eyes with high myopia. CASE PRESENTATION A 66-year-old myopic Chinese man was enrolled and his multi-color imaging examination showed a well-circumscribed, caesious, peripapillary lesion coale...

Cone snails are venomous predatory marine neogastropods that belong to the species-rich superfamily of the Conoidea. So far, the mitochondrial genomes of two cone snail species (Conus textile and Conus borgesi) have been described, and these feed on snails and worms, respectively. Here, we report the mitochondrial genome sequence of the fish-hunting cone snail Conus consors and describe a novel...

Absent F wave in the stage of spinal shock has been described in cases of traumatic spinal cord injury. The role of F wave in predicting prognosis after conus medullaris infarct has not been described. We describe herein a middle aged-man with a conus medullaris infarct. Both tibial and peroneal F waves were absent on day 4. The left tibial F wave reappeared in the following study on day 18. Al...

intradural tumors (WHO grade I) that characteristically occur in the conus medullaris/filum terminale region. They are slow growing tumors with a good prognosis and long-term survival.1 We report a rare case of double MPE occurring at both extremities of the filum terminale. In the light of the present case and an extensive review of the literature, we summarize the imaging characteristics and ...

MR examinations of the spine were reviewed in 25 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tethered spinal cord. In 21 patients (84%), the level of the tip of the conus was below the mid L2 vertebral body. The causes of the tethering were spinal lipomas (72%), tight filum terminale syndrome (12%), diastematomyelia (8%), and myelomeningocele (8%). These entities were readily identified in all instan...

The coexistence of spinal teratoma of the conus medullaris and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is exceptional, which has not been reported previously in the literature. The precise mechanism of the coexistence of these conditions is not known, however, the dysembryonic origin of spinal cord teratoma and AVM seems to play a part in this process. A 34-year-old male patient was admitted with lowe...

Abstract. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has previously been shown to strongly correlate with gross primary productivity (GPP); however this relationship not yet quantified for the recently launched TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Here we use a Gaussian mixture model develop parsimonious between SIF from TROPOMI and GPP flux towers across conterminous United States (...

A sixty year old patient presented with a slowly progressive swelling of the nose, of one year duration, suggesting a clinical diagnosis of subcutaneous zygomycosis. On investigation, the tissue fungal culture grew Conidiobolus coronatus, confirming the diagnosis as rhinoentomophthoromycosis. He was treated with a combination of oral fluconazole and oral potassium iodide for a total period of 5...

IN THEIR LETTER, “THE THREAT TO CONE snails” (17 Oct., p. 391), E. Chivian et al. estimate that “hundreds of thousands” of cone snails are sacrificed annually for research purposes. We recognize that habitat loss and possible overexploitation of cone snails may indeed threaten the survival of Conus taxa, but we question Chivian et al.’s estimate. This number is huge and shocking in light of the...