Within the lumped model platform for unsteady heat conduction, the Biot number criterion between a solid body and a surrounding fluid requires that Bi =       S V k h s < 0.1. Although not clearly stated, this holds true mostly for forced convection where the mean convective coefficient h is affected by the impressed fluid velocity. Conversely, when heat is exchanged by natural convection...

Convective cloud clusters are responsible for most of the rainfall and cloudiness over the tropics, therefore modulating the radiative heating and cooling rates of the surface and atmosphere and influencing the large-scale circulation and moisture distribution. Therefore, understanding how and why tropical convection organizes is important for understanding both tropical and global climate vari...

The present study suggests that the three-dimensional circulation in the trailing stratiform region behind squall lines is primarily determined by the time-mean pattern of heating and cooling in the leading convective line. Analysis of the line-normal circulations show that they develop as thermally generated gravity waves spread away from the leading line. Midlevel line-end vortices are the re...

Clouds are crucial for Earth's climate and radiation budget. Great attention has been paid to low, high and vertically thick tropospheric clouds such as stratus, cirrus and deep convective clouds. However, much less is known about tropospheric mid-level clouds as these clouds are challenging to observe in situ and difficult to detect by remote sensing techniques. Here we use Cloud-Aerosol Lidar...

Convection over the building envelope is a critical determinant of building cooling load, but parameterization of convection in building energy models and urban computational fluid dynamics models is challenging. An experimental investigation intended to clarify the heat transfer mechanism of a convective wall boundary layer (WBL) on a leeward, vertical building wall was conducted at the Compre...

We present a systematic numerical study of two-dimensional axisymmetric accretion flows around black holes. The flows have no radiative cooling and are treated in the framework of the hydrodynamical approximation. The models calculated in this study cover the large range of the relevant parameter space. There are four types of flows, determined by the values of the viscosity parameter α and the...

Film cooling technique has been successfully applied to gas turbine blades to prevent it from the hot flue gas. However, a continuous demand of increasing the turbine inlet temperature to raise the efficiency of the turbine requires continuous improvement in film cooling effectiveness. The concept of injecting mist (tiny water droplets) into the cooling fluid has been proven under laboratory co...

The theoretical predictions derived in Part I of this study for the equilibrium fluctuations of an idealized ensemble of noninteracting, pointlike cumulus clouds are tested against three-dimensional cloud resolving model (CRM) simulations of radiative–convective equilibrium. Simulations with different radiative cooling rates are used to give a range of cloud densities, while imposed vertical wi...

It is shown that in presence of URCA shell pulsational energy losses due to neutrino emission and nonequilibrium beta heating are much less than energy losses by excitation of shortwavelength acoustic waves. Convective motion in presence of URCA shell is considered, and equations generalizing the mean free path model of convection are derived. 2 Introduction It was suggested in [15] that in the...

The combined effects of magnetic field, Navier slip and convective heating on the entropy generation in a flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid between two infinite horizontal parallel plates under a constant pressure gradient have been examined. Both the lower and upper plates of the channel are subjected to asymmetric convective heat exchange with the ambient fluid. T...