In weakly magnetized, dilute plasmas in which thermal conduction along magnetic field lines is important, the usual convective stability criterion is modified. Instead of depending on entropy gradients, instability occurs for small wavenumbers when (∂P/∂z)(∂ lnT/∂z) < 0, which we refer to as the Balbus criterion. We refer to the convective instability that results in this regime as the magnetot...

Meiyu-baiu is the major rainy season from central China to Japan brought by a zonally elongated rainband from June to mid-July. Large-scale characteristics and environmental forcing of this important phenomenon are investigated based on a reanalysis dataset. The meiyu-baiu rainband is accompanied by a trough of sea level pressure, horizontal shears, and sharp moisture gradients near the surface...

Magnetic fields can be created in stably stratified (non-convective) layers in a differentially rotating star. A magnetic instability in the toroidal field (wound up by differential rotation) replaces the role of convection in closing the field amplification loop. Tayler instability is likely to be the most relevant magnetic instability. A dynamo model is developed from these ingredients, and a...

In this work, we study the interaction between a tearing mode and a pressure gradient instability (resistive interchange) by solving reduced MHD equations numerically. The numerical study shows existence of regimes where thetearing instability is driven by the pressure gradient. An interplay between the pressure and the magnetic flux controls the dynamics of the saturated state. A secondary ins...

We consider the effect of surface mass flux and forced axial flow on the boundary-layer flows over rotating spheres, with a view to establishing flow-control mechanisms for rotating flows of engineering significance. A theoretical study is presented which considers the onset of convective instability modes (both stationary and travelling relative to the rotating surface) and local absolute inst...

The simulation of nonlinear ultrasound propagation through tissue realistic media has a wide range of practical applications. However, this is a computationally difficult problem due to the large size of the computational domain compared to the acoustic wavelength. Here, the k-space pseudospectral method is used to reduce the number of grid points required per wavelength for accurate simulation...

Convective instability in a ferrofluid layer heated from below or from above in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field is investigated theoretically. Convection is caused by a magnetic mechanism based on the temperature and concentration dependence of magnetization. An imposed temperature gradient establishes (by the Soret effect) a concentration gradient of magnetic particles of whi...

Three-dimensional microscale dynamics of convective adjustment and mixing in and around the Venusian lower cloud layer were investigated using an idealized Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. As control parameters of the idealized experiment, the present work introduces an initial lapse rate in the convective layer and thermal flux associated with the infrared flux gap at cloud base. ...

The design and reliable operation of a two-phase micro-channel heat sink require a fundamental understanding of the complex transport phenomena associated with convective boiling in small, parallel coolant passages. This understanding is the primary goal of this paper. This goal is realized by exploring the following aspects of boiling in microchannels: hydrodynamic instability, two-phase flow ...