The ambitious spread of fuel cell usage is facing the aging problem, which has a significant impact on cells’ output power. Therefore, it necessary to develop reliable techniques that are capable accurately characterizing throughout its life. This paper proposes an adaptive parameter estimation technique robust proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) model over lifespan. useful for accurate monitoring...

A DNA vaccine, pCAG-HAk, expressing the full-length haemagglutinin (HA) gene of avian influenza A/Eurasian coot/Western Australia/2727/1979 (H6N2) virus, together with a Kozak sequence, in a pCAGGS vector was formulated with a novel nanoparticle, Phema. Two intramuscular immunizations of layer chickens at 3-week intervals with different doses of a nano-vaccine as well as 100μg pCAG-HAk failed t...

In this paper we consider a deterministic impulsive control problem. We discretize the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation satissed by the optimal cost function and we obtain discrete solutions of the problem. We give an explicit rate of convergence of the approximate solutions to the solution of the original problem. We consider the optimal switching problem as a special case of impulsive control...

The well-known spanning binomial tree broadcast algorithm is generalized to obtain two families of broadcast algorithms for optical rings and two-dimensional toroidal meshes (tori) using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). These generalizations take advantage of the concurrent transmission through optical links ooered by WDM. Their performances are measured under the linear cost model : the...

We investigated which species of waterbirds at Bolivar, a wastewater treatment plant in Metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, are likely to have been immigrants from the ephemeral wetlands arid zone. To do this, we compared abundance waterbird observed Bolivar during dry period eastern zone late 2018 and 2019 with that subsequent wet 2020–2022. Pink-eared Duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus, Gre...

The technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is developing rapidly, and it has been applied in diverse fields, such as medicine, environmental control, climate prediction, monitoring, etc. Location one the critical fields WSNs. Time difference arrival (TDOA) widely used to locate targets because a simple model, easy implement. Aiming at problems large deviation low accuracy nonlinear equat...