This paper is devoted to the derivation of some regularity properties of pricing functions for American options and to the discussion of numerical methods, based on the Bensoussan-Lions methods of varia-tional inequalities. In particular, we provide a complete justiication of the so-called Brennan-Schwartz algorithm for the valuation of Ameri-can put options.

Species of fungi in the order Erysiphales cause disease referred to as powdery mildew which affect more than 10,000 angiosperm species (Glawe, 2008). These are obligate pathogens with a global distribution especially temperate regions northern hemisphere (Braun & Cook, 2012). Iran possesses one richest apiaceous floras world (Valiejo-Roman et al., 2006) and some these susceptible mildew, includ...

Recently, populations of flies have increased in numbers given the elevated levels of organic matter waste produced by anthropic activities and domestication of animals. Such increase represents a worldwide health concern, since flies can be vectors of human diseases. The great variety of feeding and developmental habits of flies of the family Sarcophagidae taking place on animal corpses, feces...

We report the infestation of stingless bee nests by the mite Pyemotes tritici, which killed four colonies of Tetragonisca angustula and one colony of Frieseomelitta varia in Brazil. The first infected colony, a colony of T. angustula, came from an area between Uberlândia and Araguari, Minas Gerais. The transfer of the mites to the other colonies occurred through the transfer of infected combs a...

Seven new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides (1-7) were isolated from the H2O-soluble fraction from the MeOH extract of the roots of Ferula varia. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by modified Mosher's method.