Apoptosis is an important route to neuronal death in experimental models of stroke, the leading neurological cause of death and disability. Here we explore a role for ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM), an activator of p53, in a primary cortical culture model of stroke. NMDA-induced apoptosis was reduced in cultures derived from mice with targeted deletions in the ATM gene. In addition...

Immature neurons undergo morphological and physiological maturation in order to establish neuronal networks. During maturation, a large number of genes change their transcriptional levels, these changes may be mediated by chromatin modifiers. In this study, we found that the level Ezh1, component Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), increases during mouse neocortical culture. addition, conditi...

During development, most cortical neurons migrate to the cortical plate (CP) radially. CP development is abnormal in reeler and other mutant mice with defective Reelin signaling. Reelin is secreted by Cajal-Retzius cells and binds to the very low density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E receptor type 2 receptors on the surface of CP cells, inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of the intra...

Introduction: Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) is a propagating wave of neural and glial cell depolarization with important role in several clinical disorders. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a potential tool with preventive treatment effects in psychiatric and neuronal disorders. In this paper, we study the effects of rTMS on CSD by using behavioral and histological a...

background & importance: insular lobe is located at the depth of sylvian fissure and is hidden by frontal, temporal and parietal lobes in close vicinity of internal capsule and basal ganglia and adjacent to the speech centers in the dominant hemisphere. thus, radical resection of insular gliomas can be even more difficult. brain mapping techniques can be used to maximize the extent of tumor rem...