Gamma-rays, located at the highest energy band of electromagnetic radiation, is directly coupled to the behaviour of energetic particles created and accelerated in the Universe, which are known as cosmic rays. The information on these energetic non-thermal particles, protons in particular, is hard to obtain through other bands. The results of very high energy -rays are summarized by paying a sp...

We have developed a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons, γ-rays, and synchrotron radiation. Our main results include evaluation of diffusion/convection and reacceleration models, estimates of the halo size, calculations of the interstellar positron and ant...