The most common adult chronic diseases affect 1 in 3 adults and account for more than three-quarters of US health care spending. The major childhood drivers of adult disease are distinctly nonmedical: poverty, poor educational outcomes, unhealthy social and physical environments, and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Ideally, well-child care (WCC) would address these drivers and help create healthie...

The purpose of this study is to identify those constructs that lead to driver turnover. The theory of reasoned action (TRA), originating in the social psychology literature is the theoretical approach in this study. Interviews with drivers were conducted using the intercept method to develop a survey instrument. The survey was then administered to drivers at large truck stops. This study makes ...

We consider a conservation law model of traffic flow on a network of roads, where drivers choose their departure times in order to minimize the sum of a departure cost and an arrival cost. Drivers can have different origins and destinations, and different cost functions. Under natural assumptions, two main results have been established: (i) the existence of a globally optimal solution, minimizi...

Inflation risk is of high relevance in non-life insurers’ long-tail business and can have a major impact on claims reserving. In this paper, we empirically study claims inflation with focus on automobile liability insurance based on a data set provided by a large German non-life insurance company. The aim is to obtain empirical insight regarding the drivers of claims inflation risk and its impa...

Nowadays, car navigation systems are widely used for providing directions to drivers’ destination. However, they do not always recommend a route that perfectly matches the driver’s intent. Even when drivers intentionally change the driving route from the recommended one to another, most of car navigation systems lead them back to the original recommended route. Such recommendations may not adeq...

The crew rostering problem arises in public transport bus companies, and addresses the task of assigning a given set of anonymous duties and some other activities, such as standbys and days off, to drivers or groups of drivers, without violating any complex labor union rules. Additionally, the preferences of drivers are considered during the assignment. The plan generated for each driver/group ...

16 Ab",oc' In benefit-cost ani:llysis, trave l time saving represents a major determinant of the henefits from highway improvements . Current values of time arlopterl by the ~exas Highway Evaluation Mnrlel (HEEM) as we ll as those recommended by the Redbook are ~ai rly outdated. New estimates of the val ue of time for cars and trucks are needed for HEEM. Based on a telephone survey, thi s study...

Improving the accuracy of insurance claims benefits both customers and insurance companies. Incorrect predictions effectively raise insurance costs for safe drivers and lower costs for risky drivers, and can be costly to insurance companies. Better predictions increase car-ownership accessibility for safer drivers and allow car insurance companies to charge fair prices to all customers. Better ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the direct and indirect costs of diagnosing and treating community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), correlating those costs with CAP severity at diagnosis and identifying the major cost drivers. METHODS This was a prospective cost analysis study using bottom-up costing. Clinical severity and mortality risk were assessed with the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and the mental Confu...

OBJECTIVES Because of the increasing prevalence of dementia worldwide, combined with limited healthcare expenditures, a better understanding of the main cost drivers of dementia in different care settings is needed. METHODS A systematic review of cost-of-illness (COI) studies in dementia was conducted from 2003 to 2012, searching the following databases: PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library, Sc...