The judiciary needs to be independent of outside influence, particularly from political and economic powers. But judicial independence does not mean that judges and court officials should have free rein to behave as they please. Indeed, judicial independence is founded on public trust, and to maintain it, judges must uphold the highest standards of integrity. This chapter focuses on the account...

Modern institutions face the recurring dilemma of designing accurate evaluation procedures in settings as diverse as academic selection committees, social policies, elections, and figure skating competitions. In particular, it is essential to determine both the number of evaluators and the method for combining their judgments. Previous work has focused on the latter issue, uncovering paradoxes ...

Abstract This article considers the extent to which judges in cases involving children island states of Pacific, act consistently with, or are influenced by, United Nations Convention on Rights Child ( uncrc ). All Pacific have ratified but giving effect children’s rights faces challenges not least for judges. Drawing case-law region this presents a quantitative and qualitative review judicial ...

In this paper we designed and implemented a new ensemble of classifiers based on a sequence of classifiers which were specialized in regions of the training dataset where errors of its trained homologous are concentrated. In order to separate this regions, and to determine the aptitude of each classifier to properly respond to a new case, it was used another set of classifiers built hierarchica...

Probability forecasts in complex environments can benefit from combining the estimates of large groups of forecasters (“judges”). But aggregating multiple opinions faces several challenges. First, human judges are notoriously incoherent when their forecasts involve logically complex events. Second, individual judges may have specialized knowledge, so different judges may produce forecasts for d...

The article deals with the concepts of charisma and leadership in two non-Western Islamic cultures from linguistic perspective. charismatic have a long tradition studying sociology, political science psychology since M.Weber. Charisma can be defined as compelling attractiveness or charm that inspire devotion others. Cognates this Greek word are found most European languages. English leader has ...

The paper describes how practice of INSPIRE implementation are affecting Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) development. It contains the results of a EuroSDR (European Spatial Data Research) project ‘Atlas of INSPIRE implementation methods’. Aim of the project was to make an inventory of experiences when implementing INSPIRE, in order to share exemplary practices and solutions among national map...