Why has it taken so long for member states to appoint women to the Court of Justice? Despite having won relatively significant policy instruments for equal treatment at work and high levels of legislative representation, women in the European Union have been slow to extend the demand for gender mainstreaming to courts. Prior to 1999, the Court of Justice had had one woman member until Ireland a...

M GM’s media blitz has given the impression that the entertainment industry won an overwhelming and broad victory against peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing and file-sharing technologies when the Supreme Court announced its decision in the MGM v. Grokster at the end of June. MGM can, of course, point to the 9-0 vote that vacated the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals’ decision that Grokster could not ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the judiciary's approach to parent-physician disputes over the care of sick children. DATA SOURCES Court publications. STUDY SELECTION Fifty parent-physician disagreements over the care of children led to physician requests for court intervention and resulted in judicial opinions published by the court. The opinions describe 66 children from 20 states. DATA SYNTHESIS...

Vereeck and Mühl (2000) distinguish four periods within the waiting time between conflict and court decision: the negotiation time between parties; the procedural time to prepare the trial; the waiting time before the actual start of the trial; and the time of the trial itself. They argue that while data on court delay often include the last three periods, only the third can be considered as ge...

I argue the Supreme Court learns to craft legal rules by relying on the Courts of Appeals as laboratories of law, observing their decisions and reviewing those that best inform legal development. I develop a model that shows how the Supreme Court leverages multiple Courts of Appeals decisions to identify which will be most informative to review, and what decision to make upon review. Because an...

Although expert opinion, especially on medical and scientific matters, has been admitted as evidence in court increasingly often since the nineteenth century, psychological or psychiatric evidence has always been treated as a special case and has not been welcomed so readily by the courts. For more than 20 years, the extremely influential Court of Appeal decision in R. v. Turner' had the effect...