• Specific urban microclimates are not considered by building energy simulation tools. Numerical modelling with multi-nodal outdoor conditions is developed. The aim to quantify the benefits of specific in performance. A reference case a courtyard microclimate was measured, simulated and validated. Courtyard mitigates impact extreme heat buildings. Extreme events expected occur more often as con...

Sustainable passive design strategies can reduce the energy consumption of buildings. In this regard, inner courtyards act as microclimate modifiers that enhance perception comfort in surrounding environment. The present study, through a pooled analysis experimental and numerical data, intends to assess beneficial effect have reducing buildings, especially for cooling demand. Accordingly, new m...

the present study focuses on the formation of various types of yards in mosques and the elements that contribute to the respective process. the significance of the issue lies in that certain scholars have associated the yard in mosques with the concept of garden, and have not taken into account the elements that contribute to the development of mosque yards of various types. the theoretical fin...

this study was aimed to investigate the effects of environmental pollution with heavy metals from ferro-nickel smelter on aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity, and to analyze the blood lead level of feral pigeon ( columba livia ) in ferro-nickel smelter courtyard in drenas city, republic of kosovo. for this purpose, twenty specimens of feral pigeon (20 birds, males and females), were...

Natural ventilation is an energy-efficient way to provide fresh air and enhance indoor comfort levels. The wind-driven natural in courtyards has been investigated by many researchers, particularly the influence of spatial configuration environmental parameters on thermal performance. However, previous research mainly focused courtyard region instead spaces surrounding it. Additionally, as a mic...

Abstract Single-family courtyard houses, with spaces oriented towards an internal, private patio, became popular in Western Europe the 1960s and 1970s. In Poland, developments are infrequent were mostly built 1970s 1980s. This study aims to improve our understanding of their low popularity. Poles seem prefer traditional housing solutions, clearly favouring detached considered provide most comfo...

Vernacular architecture constitutes a rich source of information and ancestral knowledge could become key resource for sustainable development. Its passive design strategies effectively respond to local climatic weather conditions, using locally sourced materials the construction its supporting structures enveloping elements, as well spatial organization incorporation buffer area (courtyard) th...