Induction of DNA damage by carcinogenic hexavalent chromium compounds [Cr(VI)] results from its reduction to lower oxidation states. Reductive metabolism of Cr(VI) generates intermediate Cr(V/IV)species, organic radicals, and finally Cr(III), which forms stable complexes with many biological ligands, including DNA. To determine the biological significance of different reaction products, we exam...

background: due to difficulty of obtaining a 24h urine (especially in children), a random urine calcium sample is recommended to detect of hypercalciuria. however, recent studies have shown that the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio varies with age and geographic areas. so, the aim of this study was determining the normal value of urinary calcium to creatinine ratio in healthy adolescent’s child...

To investigate the role mitochondrial membrane lipids play in the actions of CR (calorie restriction), C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups (control and three 40% CR groups) and the CR groups were fed diets containing soya bean oil (also in the control diet), fish oil or lard. The fatty acid composition of the major mitochondrial phospholipid classes, proton leak and H(2)O(2) production we...

The oxidation of D-lactobionic acid by Cr(VI) yields the 2-ketoaldobionic acid and Cr(3+) as final products when a 20-times or higher excess of the aldobionic acid over Cr(VI) is used. The redox reaction takes place through a complex multistep mechanism, which involves the formation of intermediate Cr(IV) and Cr(V) species. Cr(IV) reacts with lactobionic acid much faster than Cr(V) and Cr(VI) d...

BACKGROUND Whether cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective in patients older than 75 years, who have been excluded from most trials, remains unclear. We enrolled patients 46 to 86 years old in a randomized trial and assessed the effects of 2 months of post-myocardial infarction (MI) CR on total work capacity (TWC, in kilograms per meter) and health-related quality of life (HRQL). METHODS AND...

Recent epidemiological and risk assessment studies have found a very high risk of lung cancer among chromium(VI)-exposed workers even at permissible levels of exposure. However, mechanistic views on the key genotoxic role of transient Cr(V) intermediates were more consistent with the threshold or highly non-linear (heavy dose) models of genetic damage by intracellular Cr(VI). In this work, we e...

To determine the effects of combined supplementation with chromium (Cr) and vitamins C and E on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes, adult subjects with HbA1c >8.5%. Subjects (n = 30) in this randomized, double blind, placebo-control study were divided into three groups (placebo, Cr or Cr + C + E) on daily treatment. The Cr group received 1000 microg of Cr (as Cr yeast); the Cr + C + E group re...

Polystyrene (PS) was extracted from Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene foam) waste, so called white pollutant. The PS was functionalized with N,NBis(2-aminobenzylidene)benzene-1,2diamine (ABA) ligand through an azo spacer. The resin was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The PSN=N-ABA resin was used for the enrichment and speciation of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions and total Cr dete...