Condyle dislocation is defined as displacement of the condyle out of the glenoid fossa while it still remains within the joint capsule [1]. The condyle can be dislocated in many directions, with antero-medial and anterior dislocation being the most common [2-4]. On the contrary, dislocation of an intact condyle into the middle cranial fossa is very rare [24,6]. In general the condyle has a larg...

the autonomic nervous system consists of a vast range of nerves and ganglions. anatomical studies have demonstrated that the sympathetic innervations of the head and neck are affected by the neurons that ramify from the cranial cervical ganglion (ccg). the ccg is the end of the sympathetic cervical trunk, which runs with the vagal nerve during its cervical course. in this study sixteen adult (2...

Infratemporal fossa abscess (IFA) can be misdiagnosed due to its rarity. The primary cause of IFA is an odontogenic infection originating from the mandibular molars. A 76-year-old man presented with a protruding mass of 3×4 cm in the left preauricular area, which was first noticed by the patient three months prior.(Fig. 1. A, 1. B) Symptoms, To the Editor, The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is an an...