Cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) innervates the lateral rectus muscle. Acquired isolated abducens nerve palsy in infants and children is a rare condition. A lesion of abducens nerve will result in esotropia greater at distance, an ipsilateral abduction deficiency, and a double vision. The abducens nerve palsy in a child may be caused by serious neurological diseases such as raised intracranial...

in the present study, eight specimens of sheep (>1 year) of both sexes were dissected to provide a comprehensive description of the weight, allocation and nerve branches of the cranial cervical ganglion. the cranial cervical ganglion was found beneath the mandibular salivary gland. it was located ventromedial to tympanic bulla and ventrally to atlantic fossa. in three out of eight animals it wa...

The fifth and greatest cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve (V), is in charge of detecting sensory inputs that come from craniofacial region. ganglia house cell bodies three branches nerve: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), mandibular (V3). These connect to second-order neurons brainstem nuclear complex. Trigeminal neuralgia one most prevalent types facial discomfort. characterized by abrupt, fle...

Lower cranial nerve palsy, also known as Collet-Sicard syndrome, is a fairly rare pathology characterized by unilateral palsy of the IX-X-XI-XII cranial nerves. We report a multiple cranial nerve palsy developing after a head trauma that might have been considered negligible. A 16-year-old boy was admitted with swallowing and articulation problems and difficulty lifting one shoulder after a hea...

Dengue fever is a common mosquito-borne viral infection endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Neurological manifestations in dengue infection are relatively uncommon, and include encephalitis, encephalopathy, neuromuscular disorders and neuro-ocular disorders. Cranial mononeuropathy is a rare manifestation of dengue infection. A 40-year-old man was diagnosed with isolated, unilateral s...

There are several syndromes of multiple cranial nerve involvement. One syndrome described by Garcin was a step-b-step ipsilateral involvement of all 12 cranial nerves unilaterally. This term is now used for multiple cranial nerve palsies that do not fit into any of the other named syndromes. This article describes the various pathologies associated with multiple cranial nerve palsies and their ...

Objective NA. Background Sarcoidosis is an immune mediated disorder characterized by the formation of non-necrotizing granulomas in multiple organs. The broad range manifestations sarcoidosis nervous system includes cranial neuropathy, meningitis or myelopathy. Generalized Myasthenia Gravis a neuromuscular antibodies against acetylcholine receptor, and typically presents with muscle weakness fa...

Chondromas and chondrosarcomas of the cranial base are rare neoplastic diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnosis and microsurgical treatment of these difficult cranial base tumors. A total of 19 patients who underwent microsurgery were pathologically diagnosed with cranial base chondromas or chondrosarcomas and their clinical data was reviewed. The chondromas and chon...

OBJECTIVE In the recent prospective randomised trials on carotid endarterectomy (CEA), the incidence of cranial nerve injuries (CNI) are reported to be higher than in previously published studies. The objective of this study is to review the incidence of post CEA cranial nerve injury and to discover whether it has changed in the last 25 years after many innovations in vascular surgery. METHOD...