Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia is a condition where the vertebral arteries are dilated, elongated and distorted, causing significant deterioration of tunica intima. The most common causes sixth nerve palsy include infection, stroke, brain tumour injury. We reported case 56-year-old man with underlying diabetes mellitus hypertension who presented diplopia over his left gaze. There no other assoc...

INTRODUCTION The abducent nucleus is located in the upper part of the rhomboid fossa beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons. The abducent nerve courses from its nucleus, to innervate the lateral rectus muscle. This nerve has the longest subarachnoid course of all the cranial nerves, it is the cranial nerve most vulnerable to trauma. It has been reported that 1% to 2.7% o...

BACKGROUND Many nerve injuries have been associated with Eagle syndrome. The cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X have been reported to be injured by the elongated styloid process in this syndrome. METHODS We describe a case of Eagle syndrome with atypical symptoms of hypoglossal nerve palsy and Horner syndrome. RESULTS A 56-year-old woman presented with right hypoglossal nerve palsy, right Hor...

Otitis externa affects both children and adults. It is often treated with topical antibiotics, with good clinical outcomes. When a patient fails to respond to the treatment, otitis externa can progress to malignant otitis externa. The common symptoms of skull bone osteomyelitis include ear ache, facial pain, and cranial nerve palsies. However, an isolated cranial nerve is rare. Herein, we repor...

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is caused by varicella zoster virus infection in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. It is characterized by facial palsy, otic pain, and herpetic vesicles around the auricle and external auditory canal. Additionally, symptoms may develop related to other cranial nerve involvement, such as dizziness or hearing loss by the vestibulocochlear nerve being invaded. We re...

Bell’s palsy is the common name for inflammation of cranial nerve VII. The peculiar geniculate ganglion idiopathic and causes hemifacial paralysis. Patients who suffer from this paralysis may have their symptoms dissipate between 3 weeks months. For certain patients whose facial persist, botulinum toxin type- A might be an efficient treatment. Depending on severity muscular palsy, different tre...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To study reports of abducens nerve palsy following dural puncture procedures and to discuss possible etiologic theories, treatment, and prognosis. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review of peer-reviewed literature. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted (PubMed, 1950 to September 2011) for cases of sixth cranial nerve palsy following dural puncture procedures. ...

BACKGROUND Pituitary adenoma may present with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations and, typically, rapid tumor expansion is the result of apoplexy. Herein, we present the first case of an isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy as initial feature of a rapidly expanding ACTH positive silent tumor without apoplexy. CASE PRESENTATION A 44 year old female with a history of sarcoidosis presented with an iso...

isolated third nerve palsy develops in numerous intracranial pathologies such as closed head trauma, tumor, and aneurysm. this report describes a 61 years old female with an abrasion on the left forehead and ptosis of the left eye. initial computed tomography did not reveal any causative cerebral and vascular lesions or orbital and cranial fractures. high-resolution and multi-axial enhanced mag...

Head injury is a common occurrence in motor vehicle accidents. There are numerous causes for cranial nerve injury that include head trauma or other lesions. Few studies regarding cranial nerve injury following mild head trauma (GCS: 14 - 15) exist in the literature. The oculomotor nerve is a somatic and visceral motor nerve. When it is completely injured the result is ptosis, pupils that are no...