INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional (3D) craniofacial images are commonly used in clinical studies in orthodontics to study developmental and morphologic relationships. METHODS We used 3D magnetic resonance imaging to study relationships among craniofacial components during the pubertal growth spurt and in response to Fränkel appliance therapy. The sample for this prospective study was 156 high-re...

This paper describes a study of normal craniofacial growth of the juvenile rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Serial data of 13 young monkeys of specific dental age were studied for a five month period by cephalometric radiography and the metallic implant technique. Growth patterns were described and localized growth changes quantified to determine the range of variability. Variability was found w...

We describe the dental and craniofacial anomalies of 2 ethnically distinct patients with Goldenhar syndrome, which is characterized by hemifacial microsomia, facial asymmetry, and ear and dental abnormalities. A 7-year-old Japanese girl and 12-year-old Turkish boy with Goldenhar syndrome were examined clinically and radiographically; both had symptoms of hemifacial microsomia. Multiple organ in...

Analysis of biological forms using landmark data has received substantial attention recently. Much of the statistical work in this area has concentrated on the estimation of average form, average form difference, and average growth difference. From the statistical, as well as the scientific point of view, it is important that any estimate of a scientifically relevant quantity be accompanied by ...

Vertebrate craniofacial sensory organs derive from ectodermal placodes early in development. It has been suggested that all craniofacial placodes arise from a common ectodermal domain adjacent to the anterior neural plate, and a number of genes have been recently identified that mark such a 'pre-placodal' domain. However, the functional significance of this pre-placodal domain is still unclear....

The Tessier classification is the current standard for identifying and reporting rare craniofacial clefts. This numerically based system describes 16 different primary clefts, with additional possible combinations that can significantly raise the total number of potentially describable clefts. Problems with this system include a complexity that requires most surgeons to consult a diagram to des...