A method for mounting a He closed-cycle cryostat which consists of an exchange gas envelope around the cold head to cool an independently supported sample mount as in model DE202 with a DMX-20 interface from APD Cryogenics, Inc. is described. No detectable vibration of the sample mount is observed as evaluated using 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy and a piezoelectric accelerometer. Using a 25 ,um t...

While Si and Ge have become detection standards for X-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy in the laboratory, their use for an increasing range of applications is becoming marginalized by one or more of their physical limitations; namely the need for ancillary cooling systems or bulky cryogenics, their modest stopping powers and radiation intolerance. Wide band-gap compounds offer the ability to oper...

Recently 304 stainless steel finds many applications like Automotive, Aerospace, Nuclear, Chemical and Cryogenics. The cylindrical grinding parameters on 304 stainless steel are conducted using Taguchi design of experiments of L9 orthogonal array was selected with 3 levels with 3 factors and output parameter of Surface Roughness is measured. The quality of the surface describes the relationship...

We report an approach for the detection of magnetic resonance imaging without superconducting magnets and cryogenics: optical atomic magnetometry. This technique possesses a high sensitivity independent of the strength of the static magnetic field, extending the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging to low magnetic fields and eliminating imaging artifacts associated with high fields. By c...

TO: L. D’Addario, A. Kerr, M. Pospieszalski, A. Thompson, J. Webber FROM: S.-K. Pan cc: D. Emerson, J. Payne DATE: Wed, 28 Jan. 1998 09:36:34 -0500 (EST) SUBJECT: High Frequency Mixer Performance at 2.5 K The suggested specification for the temperature of the last stage of the refrigerator in the current MMA cryogenics design is 4.0 K nominal with good stability (10mK p-p in 1 minute and 100mK ...

Beam-gas nuclear and Coulomb interactions introduce limitations on the tolerable vacuum pressure in the LHC and its upgrade. We discuss local pressure limits set by the heat load on the cryogenics system and by loss-induced quenches, as well as average pressure limits imposed by beam-lifetime degradation and emittance blow up. These pressure limits depend on the molecular species in the residua...

We describe a multi-order spectrograph concept suitable for 8m-class telescopes, using the intrinsic spectral resolution of Superconducting Tunneling Junction detectors to sort the spectral orders. The spectrograph works at low orders, 1–5 or 1–6, and provides spectral coverage with a resolving power of R≃ 8000 from the atmospheric cutoff at 320 nm to the long wavelength end of the infrared H o...

This paper will look at the industrial uses for oxygen. It will categorize oxygen using processes into: 1) the purpose of oxygen in the process and 2) the effect oxygen enrichment has on the overall process. The paper will also look at four methods of producing oxygen: cryogenics, pressure swing absorption, membrane filter technology and electrolysis. It will compare each against one another in...

Contemporary cryogenics has been developing from the end of the 19th century since the liquefaction of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and also the industrial production and storage of liquid coolants, enabled the development of cryobiology and the use of extremely low temperatures in medicine. The term "cryotherapy" was first used in 1908 by A.W. Pusey to describe the treatment ...