This study investigated the effect of a lotic environment on morphological characteristics and energy metabolism in juvenile grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The fish were stocked forced to swim for 12 h per day 4 weeks at three water current velocities 0.5, 2, body length s−1 (Bl s−1). control lentic with 0 Bl s−1. results showed that significantly increased weight, length, condition factor...

As an important freshwater species with economic and ecological benefits, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exhibits poor tolerance to hypoxia. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are core membrane proteins that transport glucose tissues regulate essential life activities. Its expression is regulated by HIF-1α cells in hypoxic conditions maintain energy demand through GLUTs inducing enhanced t...

The purpose of this study is to describe the histological, histochemical and ultrastructural features of pancreas of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), one of the common herbivorous freshwater fish of Egypt. The pancreas is divided into exocrine and endocrine portions. Exocrine pancreatic tissues consists of scattered serous acini, and is observed in two forms: 1) disseminated in the spl...