Two studies of human contingency learning investigated the influence of stimulus salience on the cue competition effect of blocking. These studies demonstrated that blocking (defined as a difference in responding to blocked and control cues) was greater for target cues that had high "semantic salience" than those of lower salience. Moreover participants showed weaker responding to high salience...

BACKGROUND An intrinsic cerebral network comprising the anterior cingulate and anterior insula (the salience network) is considered to play an important role in salience detection in healthy volunteers. Aberrant salience has been proposed as an important mechanism in the production of psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations (reality distortion). We investigated whether structura...

Identifying What Does What for Brain Mechanisms of Outcome Utilities 330 Brain Mesolimbic Dopamine: Anticipated/Predicted Utility or Pure Decision Utility? 330 Berridge’s Incentive Salience Theory: Dopamine as Pure Decision Utility 331 Incentive Salience “Wanting” versus Ordinary Wanting 331 Computational Modeling of Incentive Salience as Decision Utility 333 Applications of Incentive Salience ...

Since Thomas Schelling’s pioneering work, salience and focal points appear to be useful concepts to explain how coordination is possible. However, game theory has struggled for forty years in trying to give to salience a formal expression. Recent works have succeeded in integrating salience in formal models. However, these works do not explain the origins of salience. This paper argues that sal...

INTRODUCTION Cultural congruence is the idea that to the extent a belief or experience is culturally shared it is not to feature in a diagnostic judgement, irrespective of its resemblance to psychiatric pathology. This rests on the argument that since deviation from norms is central to diagnosis, and since what counts as deviation is relative to context, assessing the degree of fit between ment...

We study how the framing of the charitable “ask” affects moral judgment and thus how much to donate and to whom. We develop a theoretical framework grounded in insights developed by Adam Smith in his Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and psychological construal level theory. The framework rests on the effects of variations in the salience of donors’ financial interest and in their distance/deta...

Local knowledge of biodiversity has been applied in support of research focused on utilizing and management of natural resources and promotion of conservation. Among these resources, Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) is important as a source of income and food for communities living in the Cerrado biome. In Pontinha, a "quilombola" community, which is located in the central region of State ...