INTRODUCTION Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a common and costly health problem yet current treatments demonstrate at best, small effects. The concurrent application of treatments with synergistic clinical and mechanistic effects may improve outcomes in chronic LBP. This pilot trial aims to (1) determine the feasibility, safety and perceived patient response to a combined transcranial direct cur...

A Source of Variation in Avian Growth Studies: undigested food.--In studies of avian biology, standardized growth curves are often obtained by weighing young at regular intervals. What is measured, in fact, is the bird plus the unassimilated food in the gut, some of which will be eventually assimilated but some of which will be excreted. Food in the gut is a source of variation in weight studie...

INTRODUCTION Down syndrome results in neuromotor impairment that affects selective motor control, compromising the acquisition of motor skills and functional independence. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate and compare the effects of multiple-monopolar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and sham stimulation over the primary motor cortex during upper limb motor training inv...

Most of the applied psychological researchers usually conduct studies requiring application of advanced mediation models, such as multiple mediator models. However, in designing research, most of the applied researchers largely ignore the statistical power of their studies. As a result, power analyses are ignored when researchers report their results. It is well recognized that low power is one...

BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasion brain stimulation, which has been suggested as a safe and promising treatment for auditory hallucinations, however, no systematic review has been conducted to evaluate the effects of tDCS on auditory hallucinations (AH). OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of tDCS for auditory hallucinations among patient...

Testing a prediction is fundamental to scientific experiments. Where biomechanical experiments involve analysis of 1-Dimensional (waveform) data, sample size estimation should consider both 1D variance and hypothesised effects. This study exemplifies using typical signals contrasts this with 0D (discrete) power analysis. For context, biomechanics papers from 2018 2019 were reviewed characterise...