We present an interface for quickly and easily modeling 3D trees from freehand sketch. The system generates a 3D geometry from 2D sketch on the basis of our observation that trees spread their branches uniformly. Our system also supports several interfaces for editing the 3D tree by drawing additional strokes. These editing operations include adding a branch, cutting a branch and erasing a bran...

the implementation of different silvicultural systems can be effective on different characteristics of forest stands, such as stand structure and diameter distribution of trees. this study was carried out in shafaroud forests of gilan province of northern iran. the objectives of this research were 1) to evaluate the suitability of different probability distribution functions, including weibull,...

Abs t rac t To analyse the demands made on the garbage collector in a graph reduction system, the change in size of an average graph is studied when an arbitrary edge is removed. In ordered binary trees the average number of deleted nodes as a result of cutting a single edge is equal to the average size of a subtree. Under the assumption that all trees with n nodes are equally likely to occur, ...

In a beautiful paper, Sleator, Tarjan and Thurston solved the problem of maximum rotation distance of two binary trees. Equivalently they solved the problem of rotation distance of triangulations on the disk. We extend their results to rotation distance of triangulations of other planar surfaces. We give upper and lower bounds for this problem. Equivalently, by duality, one can interpret our re...

Cutting-derived Salix dasyclados Wimm. were grown on soil containing high amounts (2 kg m in year 1 + 1 kg m in year 2) of dust from filters of a cement plant. The pH of the treated soil was increased from 6.5 (control) to 7.6. Soluble sugars, starch, and chlorophylls in leaves of spring flush shoots were analysed during the vegetative growth of the second year of treatment. The lower hexose co...

In the article Apple is one of most cultivated crops in world, with an annual production almost 58 billion tons. It consists a total 261.8 thousand hectars territory Uzbekistan. 120,500 hectares are seed orchards; apple orchards make up 95% all orchards. This shows that 44% orchard area. The tree ranks high due to its adaptability various soil and climatic conditions, as well productivity nutri...

The use of plantations to manage extensive tracks of deforested lands in the tropics is a conservation strategy that has recently received considerable attention. Plantation trees can promote seed dispersal by attracting dispersers and creating favorable site conditions, leading to increased germination and establishment of indigenous trees. Subsequently, plantation trees can be harvested for p...

Colophonium (rosin, CAS no. 8050-09-7) is a complex mixture of >100 different compounds derived from pine trees. It is a good tackifier, can be used as an emulsifier, and has acid properties without causing corrosion. Because of these properties, colophonium is used in various products, such as soldering fluxes, paper, cosmetics (depilatory waxes, soaps, hair gel, and nail polish), cutting flui...