the principal effects of mass degradation on polymer matrix composites (pmcs) are the decay of mechanical properties such as strength, elongation, and resilience. this degradation is a common problem of the pmcs under thermal cycling conditions. in this article, composite degradation was investigated by measurement of total mass loss (tml) using the taguchi approach. thermal cycling tests were ...

Introduction. Adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) often have difficulty participating in exercise at intensities necessary to improve cardiovascular fitness. Functional electrical stimulation- (FES-) assisted cycling is proposed as a form of exercise for adolescents with CP. The aims of this paper were to adapt methods and assess the feasibility of applying FES cycling technology in adolescent...

The purpose of the study was to describe cyclists and cycling trips, and to explore correlates, time trends and health consequences of cycling in São Paulo, Brazil from 1997 to 2012. Cross-sectional analysis using repeated São Paulo Household Travel Surveys (HTS). At all time periods cycling was a minority travel mode in São Paulo (1174 people with cycling trips out of 214,719 people). Poisson ...

Policy seeks to support cycling as a form of sustainable and active travel, yet, cycling levels in the UK remain low and evidence about interventions mixed. Data from a qualitative sociological study is used here to explore the difference that cultural meanings make to cycling practices in four different English urban areas. Specifically, we discuss differences between places with established c...

In a modern three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC), vertically stacked dies are interconnected using through silicon vias. 3D ICs are subject to undesirable temperature-cycling phenomena such as through silicon via protrusion as well as void formation and growth. These cycling effects that occur during early life result in opens, resistive opens, and stress induced carrier mobility reduct...

In this work, the study, modeling and simulation of custom designed geothermal power plant production processes are presented. A model based on the thermodynamical steam power cycles theory is developed using directed graphs, in order to consider different types of geothermal power plant structural models to be studied. The model includes steady state forms of the thermodynamical mass and energ...

0026-2714/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ltd. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2012.03.026 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (W Embedding passive components into multilayer printed wiring boards (PWBs) meet electronic device requirements concerning the necessity of saving the surface board area for active elements, reducing board’s size, improving de...

In Kalina power generation as well as vapor absorption and refrigeration systems ammonia-water mixture has been used as working fluids. Unlike for pure components, binary mixtures additionally need mixture concentration to solve thermodynamic properties. A flowchart is developed to understand the computations of the properties. The thermodynamic properties for ammonia-water mixture have been ge...

Dynamic magnetic properties of Y0.7Ca0.3MnO3 are reported. The system appears to attain local ferromagnetic order at TSRF ≈ 70 K. Below this temperature the low field magnetization becomes history dependent, i.e. the zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization deviate from each other and closely logarithmic relaxation appears at our experimental time scales (0.3-104 sec). The ze...

Cycling can be performed on the road or indoors on stationary ergometers. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in cycling efficiency, muscle activity and pedal forces during cycling on a stationary turbo trainer compared with a treadmill. 19 male cyclists cycled on a stationary turbo trainer and on a treadmill at 150, 200 and 250 W. Cycling efficiency was determined using th...