The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and long-term outcome of the patients who were treated at our institution for idiopathic urethrorrhagia. The data of 10 male patients, who underwent cystoscopy between October 2010 and March 2013 due to urethrorrhagia, were evaluated retrospectively. Ten male patients aged between 8 and 16 years at first submission. Four patients (40%)...

Bladder cancer (Bca) is one of the most common tumors in urinary system. Cystoscopy biopsy a gold standard for diagnosis Bca clinic. However, cystoscopy invasive, costly and invasive process causing pain patients. Because cells are closely contact with urine, exosomes can pass through base membrane transport microRNA (miRNAs) to so detection exosome-derived miRNAs urine expected be new non-inva...

BACKGROUND Some tetraplegic patients may wish to undergo urological procedures without anaesthesia, but these patients can develop autonomic dysreflexia if cystoscopy and vesical lithotripsy are performed without anaesthesia. CASE PRESENTATION We describe three tetraplegic patients, who developed autonomic dysreflexia when cystoscopy and laser lithotripsy were carried out without anesthesia.I...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and predictors of non-muscle invasive bladder tumour recurrence on first-check cystoscopy after transurethral resection of bladder tumour. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from April to November 2014, and comprised patients with a suspected newly-diagnosed urothelial cancer. Patients with non-mu...

background: the treatment of urethral stricture in female patients is through dilatation of the urethra by tubes of increasing diameter. there are two main methods: intermittent dilatation and on demand dilatation. objectives: the main aim of this study was to compare the results of these two methods, and to determine the best one. patients and methods: in this clinical trial study, we reviewed...

1 of 3 DESCRIPTION A middle-aged man presented with increased abdominal girth over 6–9 months, associated with pain in the right upper quadrant and fl anks. History was signifi cant for a non-seminomatous testicular cancer in his teens with left orchiectomy, aortic node dissection and 1 week of chemotherapy. On examination, the abdomen was grossly distended and non-tender, with positive fl uid ...

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Novel optical imaging technologies have shown promising results for the diagnosis, management and follow up of bladder cancer. They might take the place of the white light cystoscopy which is the gold standard for many decades. Bladder cancer is diagnosed and followed-up with cys-toscopy as the " gold standard ". For many decade...

BACKGROUND Pain is common in men undergoing rigid cystoscopy. Even with the application of a lubricant containing 2 % lidocaine, about 76 % of men suffer from mild to severe pain when undergoing rigid cystoscopy. The most painful part of the procedure for men is when the cystoscope passes through the membranous urethra. Song et al. (Neurourol Urodyn 29:592-5, 2010) did autopsies on males and fo...