The ‘rational addiction’ model of cigarette smoking downplays the influence of social factors and biological dependency. This paper develops a simple model of these factors and presents some causality tests that indicate that nicotine content ‘causes’ smoking with the direction being negative. ©2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D12; J12

I estimate an extended version of the incomplete markets consumption model allowing for heterogeneity in discount factors, nonseparable preferences for food and other nondurables, liquidity constraints, and precautionary savings. I find statistical support for this model, especially for the non-separability of preferences for food and other nondurables. JEL D12, D91, E21

Jambi University is one of the State Universities in Indonesia which currently phase sustainable development focusing on increasing development, especially water resource infrastructure. Planning for reservoirs with reinforced concrete an option long-term infrastructure planning. The planned reservoir form a that functions as container storing clean treatment system at University. focuses desig...

Background and Importance: Spinal Subdural Hematoma (SSH) is a rare condition with an unknown incidence in the general population. Iatrogenic spinal subdural hematoma radiologically mimicking prolapsed dorsolumbar disc has not been published literature. Case Presentation: A 65-year-old female presented altered sensorium generalized weakness for 3 days evaluated by neurologist who diagnosed it a...

Abstract Supercritical fluids are alternatives to conventional harmful organic compounds. In the case of supercritical fluid extraction, CO2 is most common solvent and can be advantageously modified with small contents co-solvents like ethanol ethyl acetate. The rigorous estimation tracer diffusion coefficients (D12) solutes in mixtures (CO2 + co-solvent) requires their individual D12 values pu...

Escherichia coli AW1.7 is a heat resistant food isolate and the occurrence of pathogenic strains with comparable heat resistance may pose a risk to food safety. To identify the genetic determinants of heat resistance, 29 strains of E. coli that differed in their of heat resistance were analyzed by comparative genomics. Strains were classified as highly heat resistant strains, exhibiting a D60-v...

All five forms of expectation can be explicitly represented in analytical forms. The basic idea is that the multiplication of matrices can be explicitly written in a summation of individual terms, e.g. (AXX )ij = ∑ kl AikXklXjl. When Xij is blank-out with probability p and we let q = 1 − p as the survival probability, the expectation of a single term AikXklXjl would be qAikXklXjl if k 6= j, oth...

For the accurate design, optimization and simulation of chemical processes limited by mass transfer kinetics it is important knowledge transport properties, namely, diffusion coefficients, D12. In this work, D12 values six unsaturated linear ketones (i.e., propanone, butanone, propan-2-one, propan-3-one, hexan-2-one hexan-3-one) three aldehydes butanal, pentanal hexanal) in (compressed) liquid ...