Dopamine receptors are responsible for diverse effects within and outside the central nervous system. The five dopamine receptors that have been cloned (DIA, D1B also known as D5, D2, D3, and D4) belong to two major families; the D1 like and D2 like dopamine receptors. The D1 like receptors are linked to the stimulation while D2 like receptors are linked to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. T...

Mammalian cells contain different phospholipase D enzymes (PLDs) whose distinct physiological roles are poorly understood and whose products have not been characterized. The development of porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cell lines able to overexpress PLD-1b or -2a under the control of an inducible promoter has enabled us to characterize both the substrate specificity and the phosphatidic acid...

Phospholipase D (PLD) activity can be detected in response to many agonists in most cell types; however, the pathway from receptor occupation to enzyme activation remains unclear. In vitro PLD1b activity is phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate dependent via an N-terminal PH domain and is stimulated by Rho, ARF, and PKC family proteins, combinations of which cooperatively increase this activity...

In the present work the construction and application of a continuous flow cell is presented, from which neutron diffraction data could be obtained during catalytic reactions at high pressure. By coupling an online gas detection system, parallel structure and activity investigations of working catalysts under industrial relevant conditions are possible. The flow cell can be operated with differe...

The use of the N-phosphinoamidinato NHC-diborene catalyst 2 for hydroboration is described. N-phosphinoamidine tBu2PN(H)C(Ph)?N(2,6-iPr2C6H3) was reacted with nBuLi in Et2O to afford lithium derivative, which then treated B2Br4(SMe2)2 toluene form N-phosphinoamidinate-bridged diborane 1. It N-heterocyclic carbene IMe (:C{N(CH3)C(CH3)}2) and excess potassium graphite at room temperature give com...

The wheat Green Revolution Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing alleles are associated with increased grain yields but also reduced early growth seedling emergence, especially if sowing conditions unfavourable. gibberellic acid-responsive, mutagen-derived Rht18 gene was backcrossed from durum (Triticum turgidum subsp. L.) cv. Icaro into tall bread aestivum Halberd using phenotypic selection for plant h...