We explore how firms grow by adding products. leverage detailed data from Japan’s cotton spinning industry at the turn of last century to do so. This setting allows us fully characterize type differentiation (vertical or horizontal) new product introductions as well whether is within outside firm’s prior technological capabilities. find that trying introduce innovative products beyond previous ...

The aim of this work is to analyze the factors that help companies avoid liquidation following spirit Spanish insolvency law. This focuses on phase starting when file for bankruptcy and ending with completion common phase. We apply agency theory explain how administrators court characteristics influence outcome process (liquidation or reorganization). unique accounting data from 2,627 filed dur...

Genetic and antigenic characterizations of 70 strains of adenovirus type 41 (Ad41), isolated between 1998 and 2001 from children in Japan, Vietnam, and Korea, were done by DNA restriction enzyme (RE) analysis, sequencing analysis, and monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eight genome types were observed in the present study, among which D25, D26, D27, and D...

PURPOSE To investigate the functional protective effect of a synthetic (dimethylthiourea, DMTU) and a natural antioxidant (Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761) against light-induced retinal degeneration. METHODS Wistar rats were exposed for 24 hours to 1700-lux light after treatment with DMTU or EGb 761. Electroretinograms were recorded before and on day (D)1, D3, D8, D15, D22, and D29 after light...

We investigate whether the top management of all legacy U.S. airlines used their quarterly earnings calls as a mode of communication with other airlines to coordinate output reduction (fewer passenger seats) on competitive routes. We build an original and novel dataset on the public communication content from the earnings calls, and use Natural Language Processing techniques from computational ...

Many countries in Africa suffer high rates of underemployment or low rates of productive employment; many also anticipate large numbers of people to enter the workforce in the near future. This paper asks the question: Are African firms creating fewer jobs than those located elsewhere? And, if so, why? One reason may be that weak business environments slow the growth of firms and distort the al...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown an antiasthenic effect of citrulline/malate (CM) but the mechanism of action at the muscular level remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of CM supplementation on muscle energetics. METHODS Eighteen men complaining of fatigue but with no documented disease were included in the study. A rest-exercise (finger flexions)-recovery protocol wa...

We study the impact of bank credit supply on the output and productivity of borrower firms. Exploiting a matched firm-bank database covering all credit relationships of Italian corporations over more than a decade, we measure idiosyncratic supply-side shocks to firm credit availability. Then, we estimate a production model augmented with heterogeneous financial frictions, to show that an expans...

Buyers in the residential solar photovoltaic (PV) market are o‰en not fully informed about all competitors’ prices when making a purchase decision. Consumers’ lack of complete price information can incentivize sellers to charge higher markups, leading to less adoption. Large markups directly counteract public programs that subsidize solar PV. In this paper, I use proprietary data on consumers’ ...

A parametric study is presented of the buckling behavior of in nitely long, symmetrically laminated anisotropic plates subjected to combined loadings. The loading conditions considered are axial tension and compression, transverse tension and compression, and shear. Results obtained using a special-purpose analysis, well-suited for parametric studies, are presented for clamped and simply suppor...