European national policies involve a range of support measures to enhance the competitiveness of certain regions or products, inlcuding financial and institutional instruments. Some of these support measures involve environmentally counterproductive impacts. The question that rises in importance on the international agenda is how to reform these support measures, such that the original objectiv...

In this paper we identify conditions under which the introduction of a pay-as-you-go social security system is ex-ante Pareto-improving in a stochastic overlapping generations economy with capital accumulation and land. We argue that these conditions are consistent with many calibrations of the model used in the literature. In our model financial markets are complete and competitive equilibria ...

Should the U.S. Have Locked the Heaven’s Door? Reassessing the Benefits of the Postwar Immigration This paper examines the economic impact of the second great immigration wave (19452000) on the US economy. Contrary to recent studies, we estimate that immigration induced important net gains and small redistributive effects among natives. Our analysis relies on a computable general equilibrium mo...

The economic effects of environmental taxes depend on the market structure. Under imperfect competition with free entry and exit, environmental taxes have an impact on economies of scale by changing the number and size of firms. Whether economies of scale rise or fall in a particular industry depends on induced changes in the price elasticity of demand. Because export demand is more price elast...

The paper presents the results from a CGE model of interactions between public and private health care, outputs of non-health goods and national welfare in a small open economy applied to the UK. The effects on welfare of higher provision come through direct gains, affecting the well-being of households, and indirectly, through increases in the effective (i.e. ‘able to work’) endowments of skil...

Lysosomal α-Mannosidase (LAM) belongs to the glycoside hydrolyzing enzymes family 38 and is involved in the biosynthesis and turnover of N-linked glycoproteins process. Locoweeds, which contain swainsonine (SW) that inhibits LAM, are the main poisoning plants in many regions of the world, and thereby resulting in animal poisoning or even death. Based on regions of protein sequence conservation ...

The nuclease NurA and the ATPase HerA are present in all known thermophilic archaea and cooperate with the highly conserved MRE11/RAD50 proteins to facilitate efficient DNA double-strand break end processing during homologous recombinational repair. However, contradictory results have been reported on the exact activities and mutual dependence of these two enzymes. To understand the functional ...

We present a decomposition approach for integrated assessment modeling of climate policy based on a linear approximation of the climate system. In our formulation the economic and natural science components are processed independently on different time scales. Turnpike properties of the Ramsey growth model can be exploited to provide a precise representation of post-terminal emissions and to re...

This paper shows that the precautionary motive, combined with asset incompleteness, is a major source of volatility and indeterminacy in financial markets. Price fluctuations originate from agents' efforts to insure themselves through time by borrowing and lending instead of shifting income across states of nature by trading risky assets. A high interest rate at a future date reduces the potent...

We devised software tools to systematically investigate the contents and contexts of bacterial tRNA and tmRNA genes, which are known insertion hotspots for genomic islands (GIs). The strategy, based on MAUVE-facilitated multigenome comparisons, was used to examine 87 Escherichia coli MG1655 tRNA and tmRNA genes and their orthologues in E.coli EDL933, E.coli CFT073 and Shigella flexneri Sf301. O...