We longitudinally assessed the development of oculomotor control in reading from second to fourth grade by having children read sentences with embedded target words of varying length and frequency. Additionally, participants completed oculomotor (pro-/anti-saccades) and linguistic tasks (word/picture naming), the latter containing the same item material as the reading task. Results revealed a 3...

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of a dynamic assessment (DA) of decoding in predicting responsiveness to Tier 2 small-group tutoring in a response-to-intervention model. First grade students (n = 134) who did not show adequate progress in Tier 1 based on 6 weeks of progress monitoring received Tier 2 small-group tutoring in reading for 14 weeks. Student responsiveness to Tier ...

The relationship between sensory sensitivity and reading performance was examined to test the hypothesis that the orthographic and phonological skills engaged in visual word recognition are constrained by the ability to detect dynamic visual and auditory events. A test battery using sensory psychophysics, psychometric tests, and measures of component literacy skills was administered to 32 unsel...

The Voynich manuscript (VMS) is the book dated as 15 th-16 th century, written using specific and smart coding methods. This article describes the methods how it was analyzed and how coding keys were found. It is also shows the VMS author's method of coding.

Turbo codes and low density parity check codes are two classes of most powerful error correcting codes. What makes these codes so powerful is the use of the so-called iterative decoding or turbo decoding. Roughly speaking, an iterative decoding process is an iterative learning process for a complex system where the objective is to provide a good suboptimal estimate of a desired signal. Iterativ...