Repetitive administrations of valerian/hops combinations have been widely used for self-administered therapy of sleep disturbances. This investigation focuses on the question if a single administration can be an effective sleep aid. Two parallel groups of n = 20 (verum) and n = 22 (placebo) were tested. Each subject spent two consecutive nights in the lab (reference night and medication night)....

References 1 Li C, Kuti JL, Nightingale CH et al. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56: 388–95. 2 Roberts JA, Norris R, Paterson DL et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobials. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; doi: 10.1111/ j.1365-2125.2011.04080.x. 3 Seyler S, Cotton...

The present study investigated the effects of valerian methanolic extract and valerenic acid on expression LL-37 gene protein in A549 MRC5 line cells. After preparing Valerian seeds, sowing them March 2020, harvesting rhizome October was prepared from by maceration method. content determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two cell lines (A549 MRC-5) were used to extract, M...

Chronic exposure to stress has been implicated in physical and mental illness, and such experiences can produce alterations in the connectivity and number of neurones within the brain to variations in the expression of specific genes. The purpose of this study was to determine how repeated exposure to social defeat affects neuronal activation patterns within the male Syrian hamster brain. Towar...

Syrian hamsters are highly aggressive animals that reliably defend their home territory. After social defeat, however, hamsters no longer defend their home cage but instead display submissive and defensive behavior toward an intruder, a response that we have termed conditioned defeat. Plasma testosterone is significantly reduced in Syrian hamsters following repeated defeat suggesting that socia...

In rodents, repeated exposure to unavoidable aggression followed by sustained sensory treat can lead to prolonged social aversion. The chronic social defeat stress model explores that phenomenon and it has been used as an animal model for human depression. However, some authors have questioned whether confounding effects may arise as the model also boosts anxiety-related behaviors. Despite its ...

Junior Chris Tripp brought his wrestling season to a brilliant close, crowned the Division II State Champion at 145 pounds in Columbus. Tripp finished the season with a 42-2 record, the school’s best ever. Senior co-captain Kevin Stone said, “Tripp had the work ethic and the will to be a state champion, and now he is. This is great for Chris and the wrestling program at US.” In the finals, Trip...

Biological warfare and bioterrorism is an unpleasant fact of 21st century life. Highly infectious and profoundly virulent diseases may be caused in combat personnel or in civilian populations by the appropriate dissemination of viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, or toxins. Dissemination may be airborne, waterborne, or by contamination of food or surfaces. Countermeasures may be directed toward d...