The onset of financial instability in August 2007, which quickly spread across the world, raises a number of questions for policy makers. First, what are the roots of the crisis? Many factors have been emphasized in the debate, including the opacity of complex financial products; the excessive confidence in ratings; weak risk management by financial institutions; massive reliance on wholesale f...

This paper rearranges a key property of anytime algorithms to derive a technique that determines an admissible lower bound on the minimum solution cost. In conjunction with a class of performance metric known as ‘time-focussed metrics’, the technique can be used to determine when to abort the deflation process within an anytime planning algorithm. The aim of this paper is to exploit this techni...

One often hears that one reason deflation should be avoided is because it leads to the expectation of lower prices in the future on the part of consumers. This in turn causes consumers to defer their spending. The consequence of this is reduced demand for products and lower investment by firms now. The net result is weaker economic activity. This paper provides a new approach to verify this view.

As a result of recent changes in the policy governing internet content distribution, such as the institution of per listener royalties for internet radio broadcasters, Content Distributors (CDs) now have an incentive to underreport the size of their audience. Existing metering protocols protect only against the inflation of audience size. We introduce the first protocols for audience metering t...

The calibrated-leak balloon catheter, used for the selective catheterization of intracranial arteries, originally incorporated a silicone microballoon at its tip [1]. Latex balloons have now proven superior in elasticity and tensile strength when compared with balloons made of silicone [2] . Consequently, most workers construct the calibrated-leak balloon catheter by gluing a leaking latex micr...

Purpose: to study the deflation manifestation patterns on Rostov region soils in cold and warm periods of year, depending agricultural background, projective cover soil surface by plants availability reclamation protective forest plantations. Materials methods. Deflation studies were being carried out Aksai Orlovsky districts from 1970 2022. Conventional research methods including measurement w...

We propose a spike sorting method for multi-channel recordings. When applied in neural recordings, the performance of the independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm is known to be limited, since the number of recording sites is much lower than the number of neurons. The proposed method uses an iterative application of ICA and a deflation technique in two nested loops. In each iteration of t...

For both historians and macroeconomists this period is a teaser. For macroeconomists the period provides a rare opportunity to study a secular deflation. For historians the causes of both underperformance of the economy in the early years and the boom in the second half of the period are somewhat puzzling. For both groups the fundamental question concerns the relationship between the real and t...

conclusions the study indicated advantages of this modified bier's block compared to the traditional one including ability to perform surgery on upper limb bones and considerable pain relief at surgical and tourniquet sites during the operation until one hour thereafter. results this study showed the presence of analgesia at surgical and tourniquet sites during the operation in 96% of patients,...