The theory of the generation and transfer of polarized radiation, mainly developed for interpreting solar spectropolarimetric observations, allows to reconsider, in a more rigorous and elegant way, a physical mechanism that has been suggested some years ago to interpret the high degree of polarization often observed in astronomical masers. This mechanism, for which the name of “dichroic maser” ...

An output-based dynamic order re nement strategy is presented for unsteady simulations using the discontinuous Galerkin nite element method in space and time. A discrete unsteady adjoint solution provides scalar output error estimates and drives adaptive re nement of the space-time mesh. Space-time anisotropy is measured using projection of the adjoint onto semi-re ned spaces and is used to all...

An output-based dynamic order re nement strategy is presented for unsteady simulations using the discontinuous Galerkin nite element method in space and time. A discrete unsteady adjoint solution provides scalar output error estimates and drives adaptive re nement of the space-time mesh. Space-time anisotropy is measured using projection of the adjoint onto semi-re ned spaces and is used to all...

Co/Ni multilayers display perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and have applications in magnetic devices that could lead to a large increase in the density of magnetic storage. Co/Ni 10-(2 A Co/ 8A Ni) and 10-(2 A Co/ 4A Ni) multilayers were deposited with ion beam sputtering on either ion beam sputtered copper or direct current magnetron sputtered gold buffer layers of various thicknesses. The ef...

introduction: health care is one of the most important sectors in the development of each country and disparities in their distribution will reduce the level of development. the aim of this study was to examine the access to healthcare and degree of development in health care resources in the west of iran in 2011. method: this was a cross-sectional and retrospective study. the study setting was...

geomagnetic field is a one of the candidates for creation of anisotropy in azimuth distribution of extensive air showers over the entered cosmic rays to the atmosphere. here we present the question: is there any azimuth anisotropy flux in the upper level of the atmosphere due to the geomagnetic field over the entered cosmic-rays? the obtained answer is: yes. this investigation showed an agreeme...

PURPOSE Human vision has a puzzling stereoscopic anisotropy: horizontal depth corrugations are easier to detect than vertical depth corrugations. To date, little is known about the function or the underlying mechanism responsible for this anisotropy. Here, we aim to find out whether this anisotropy is independent of age. To answer this, we compare detection thresholds for horizontal and vertica...

An oblique effect is evident in vernier acuity for abutting lines. In Experiment 1 we show that the oblique effect in vernier acuity exists over a range of contrast levels, and is evident even when the horizontal and oblique lines are equally detectable or discriminable. Since this oblique effect cannot be explained by the lower visibility of oblique vernier lines or of the "dipole" cue, it is ...

New shear-wave splitting measurements at permanent broadband seismic stations in the south-central United States reveal the orientation and degree of polarization of mantle fabrics, and provide constraints on models for the formation of these fabrics. For stations on the stable North American craton, correspondence between observed polarization direction of the fast wave and the trend of Proter...

Time-resolved polarization-dependent fluorescence of Cybesin in solution and in cancerous and normal prostate tissues were measured. The polarization preservation property of Cybesin in tissue was observed. The fluorescence intensity emitted from a Cybesinstained cancerous tissue area was found to be much stronger than that from a Cybesin-stained normal tissue area indicating that cancerous pro...