Ischemic brain injury and epilepsy are common neurodegenerative diseases caused by excitotoxicity. Their pathogenesis includes microglial production of inflammatory cytokines. Our studies were designed to examine whether a growth compromised HSV-2 mutant (Delta RR) prevents excitotoxic injury through modulation of microglial responses by the anti-apoptotic HSV-2 protein ICP10PK. EOC2 and EOC20 ...

This paper introduces a new architecture for sensor interface circuits using a delta-sigma modulator. The three-level force feedback allows the use of a digital compensator to stabilize the loop. A 3rd-order delta-sigma structure shapes the opamp noise and allows two-chip implementation with high loop gain at low frequencies.

The DC content in single-bit domain is both undesirable and hard to remove. In this paper we propose a single-bit multiplierless DC-blocker structure. The input is assumed to be sigma-delta modulated bitstream. This DC-blocker is designed using a delta modulator topology with a sigma-delta modulator (SDM) embedded in its feedback path. Its performance is investigated in terms of the overall sig...

In this paper the spectral density of the additive jitter noise in continuous time (CT) Delta-Sigma modulators (DSM) is derived analytically. Making use of the analytic results, extracted in this paper, a novel method for elimination of the damaging effects of the clock jitter in continuous time Delta-Sigma modulators is proposed. In this method instead of the conventional waveforms used in the...

In this study, we characterized the role of delta-1 and delta-2 opioid receptors in the ventromedial medulla (VMM) in the modulation of thermal nociception. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with an intracerebral guide cannula aimed at the nucleus raphe magnus or nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha. Microinjection of the delta-1 opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephali...

We hypothesize that sleep apnea-hypopnea alters interaction between cardiac vagal modulation and sleep delta EEG. Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is related to cardiovascular complications in men. SAHS patients show higher sympathetic activity than normal subjects. In healthy men, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is associated with cardiac vagal influence, whereas rapid eye movement (RE...

Oversampling a delta-sigma-modulated sequence, one can compute unbiased sample estimates of averages of consecutive input elements for a wide variety of inputs. We prove that these estimates are most e cient in their class (that is, variances of sample means are minimum in the class of random binary sequences gn, n = 1; : : : ; N , such that the expected values of gn are equal to the values of ...

In this paper, we present new dynamic features derived from the modulation spectrum of the cepstral trajectories of the speech signal. Cepstral trajectories are projected over the basis of sines and cosines yielding the cepstral modulation frequency response of the speech signal. We show that the different sines and cosines basis vectors select different modulation frequencies, whereas, the fre...

Conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a major cause of concern in switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs) which commonly use standard pulsewidth modulation (PWM). In this paper, Sigma–Delta ( ) modulation is proposed as an alternative switching technique to reduce conducted EMI from an SMPS. The result of using modulation is a spread in the spectrum of the conducted emissions so that large...

The central theme of this thesis is one-bit quantization of bandlimited signals via Sigma-Delta modulation. In this commonly used analog-to-digital conversion method, the signal of interest is represented by a ±1-valued sequence that is computed recursively from regular samples of the signal via a difference equation. The key feature of the method is that the low frequency content of the quanti...