VPN is an enterprise network based on a shared public network infrastructure but providing the same security, management, and throughput policies as applied in a private network. The primary advantages of "VPN over Internet" are cost-effectiveness and flexibility while coping with the exponential growth of Internet. However, the current disadvantages are the lack of sufficient QoS and provision...

Widely tunable semiconductor lasers will play a critical part in future technologies. Tunable lasers are rapidly replacing fixed wavelength lasers in dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM optical communications. The performance specifications of tunable lasers are the same as fixed wavelength specifications plus additional specifications that include: wavelength tuning range; wavelength s...

Tunable multiwavelength fiber lasers based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) have received attracting interest due to their wide prospective applications in dense division multiplexing (DWDM) systems and sensing. Using an SOA a nonlinear loop mirror (NOLM), we demonstrate up 13 lasing peaks by controlling the pump current polarization controller. At maximum (450 mA), emitted is between ...

data transmission in optical systems and increased transmission distance capacity benefit by using optical amplification wavelength division multiplexing (wdm) technology. the combination of four waves (fwm) is a non-linear effect in the wavelength division multiplex (wdm), when more than two wavelengths of light in a fiber launch will occur. fwm amount depends on the channel, the channel spaci...

In DWDM system, the major non-linearities such as SRS and FWM occurs simultaneously in Long-Haul Communication. As the optical signal propagate through the fiber undergoes power fluctuations and crosstalk between the channels in DWDM system. Due to this major problem, the performance of DWDM system get degrades. In this paper, the effect of SRS and FWM affecting the original Dense Wavelength Di...

In the modern world of technology, data rates up to 40 Gb/s are becoming a reality and the bandwidth hungry applications such as teleconferencing, telemedicine, IPTV have already begun to make their presence in the commercial market. These bandwidth hungry applications attract the need for optical communications in which the fibers can theoretically provide infinite bandwidth. In order to satis...

We demonstrate a novel Rayleigh interferometric noise mitigation scheme for applications in carrier-distributed dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) passive optical networks at 10 Gbit/s using carrier suppressed subcarrier-amplitude modulated phase shift keying modulation. The required optical signal to Rayleigh noise ratio is reduced by 12 dB, while achieving excellent tolerance to dis...

As optical communications systems begin to fill the available bandwidth in an optical fiber by transmitting either 40 Gb/s on 200 GHz channel spacings or 10 Gb/s on 50 GHz channel spacings, the optical phase response of the components deployed in the systems will need to be carefully controlled. The dominant method of obtaining this optical phase measurement is commonly called the modulation ph...

Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks that use expensive optical/electrical/optical (O/E/O) conversion at each end of a fiber link are called opaque networks. In an attempt to reduce the O/E/O conversion cost component, a combination of technological advances has been used. Improved optical amplifiers using distributed Raman amplification allow signals to traverse longer distan...

We report design optimization of a dual-core dispersion slope compensating fiber (DSCF) for broadband dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission separately in the S-, C-, and L-bands through a 1310 nmoptimized conventional single-mode fiber (CSF). Index profile parameters of the DSCF have been adjusted to simultaneously achieve a mode effective area, which match that of the G.65...