We present observations of circumstellar millimetrewave 13CO line emission towards a sample of 20 cool carbon stars. Using a detailed radiative transfer model we estimate the circumstellar 12CO/13CO-ratios, which we believe accurately measure the important stellar 12C/13C-ratios. For those optically bright carbon stars where it is possible, our derived 12C/13Cratios are compared with the photos...

Response modification factor (R factor) is one of the seismic design parameters to be considered in evaluating the performance of buildings during strong motions. This paper has tried to evaluate the response modification factor of concrete coupled shear wall structures with various length/depth ratios of spandrel beams. The effect of diagonal reinforcement of spandrel beam was also evaluated o...

The information of copy number alterations (gains and losses) in tumour genomes can be used to discovery cancer-causing genes. The estimate of copy number can be obtained from the estimate copy number ratio. The higher the depth of underlying sequencing data, the more accurate the estimate of copy number ratio. At the same time, the higher depth of a sequencing data used in copy number analysis...

The water cushion depth of stilling basin with shallow-water cushion is a key factor that 13 affects the flow regime of hydraulic jump in the basin. However, the specific depth at which the 14 water cushion is considered as “shallow” has not be stated clearly for now, and only conceptual 15 description is provided. This paper attempts to specify the best water cushion depth based on the 16 flow...

Railway structures are one of the most important structures in transportation. So the lack of precise study of their dynamic behavior leads to irreparable damages. The significant factors contributing to the accurate analysis of the dynamic behavior of railways are the type of load and foundation used in it. In this study, an Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to a moving load on a finite depth fou...

We present high-resolution compressional wave to shear wave velocity ratios (Vp∕Vs) beneath Kı̄lauea’s summit caldera by applying an in situ estimation method using waveform cross-correlation data for three similar earthquake clusters. We observe high Vp∕Vs ratios (1.832 and 1.852) for two event clusters surrounded by the low background Vp∕Vs value of 1.412 at ∼2.1 km depth below the surface. Th...

To examine the effects of depth on the performance of the freshwater dreissenid species Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis, and the brackish water dreissenid, Mytilopsis leucophaeata, a controlled experiment lasting four months was conducted in a manmade freshwater lake in the Netherlands. The three species used in the experiment were collected from other water bodies in the Neth...

Englacial horizons deeper than 100m are absent within 100MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surface profiles we recorded on Clark and Commonwealth Glaciers in the Antarctic Dry Valleys region. Both glaciers show continuous bottom horizons to 280m, with bottom signal-to-noise ratios near 30 dB. Density horizons should fade below 50m depth because impermeable ice occurred by 36m. Folding within C...

Many biological and physical factors potentially affect target strength. While these sources have been identified, few studies have compared the relative effects of individual factors. Modelled and measured target strengths in non-dimensional metrics were used to compare and rank the effects of fish length, tilt, depth, and acoustic frequency on backscatter intensity. Ex situ measurements of ta...

In this research a physical model is presented. A trapezoidal shape of channel with 1.45 m width, 1 meter depth and banks slope of 1H: 1.5V was used. Circular piers (6, 8 and 10cm diameter) were tested under three different flow discharges of 50, 65 and 80 lit/s and three different median bed material sizes equal to 0.94, 1.31 and 2.12 mm. Seven different longitude distance to pier diameter rat...