In our study, the transformation of two most widely used UV filters, benzophenone-3 (BP3) and benzophenone-4 (BP4), in chlorinated water with disinfection reagents sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) was studied. Based on the HPLC/MS and UV-Vis analysis the formation of two different chlorinated products (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 3,5-dichloro-2-h...

This paper discusses a method for estimating glottal flow derivative model parameters using the wavelet-smoothed excitation. The excitation is first estimated using the Weighted Recursive Least Squares with Variable Forgetting Factor algorithm. The raw excitation is then smoothed by applying a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) using Biorthogonal Quadrature filters, and a thresholding operation d...

In this paper, we introduce the notions of prime state filters, obstinate state filters, and primary state filters in state residuated lattices and study some properties of them. Several characterizations of these state filters are given and the prime state filter theorem is proved. In addition, we investigate the relations between them.

We propose an efficient blind/no-reference image quality assessment algorithm using a log-derivative statistical model of natural scenes. Our method, called DErivative Statistics-based QUality Evaluator (DESIQUE), extracts image quality-related statistical features at two image scales in both the spatial and frequency domains. In the spatial domain, normalized pixel values of an image are model...

background: cigarette butts have been shown to release numerous kinds of chemicals such as heavy metals in water and may be a continual source of aquatic environments contamination after discarding. the objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of cd and pb in cigarette filters of different iranian and non-iranian brands in smoked and non-smoked samples. methods: ten dif...

Smoothing followed by a derivative operation is often used in the analysis of hyperspectral signatures. The width of the smoothing and/or derivative operator can greatly affect the utility of the method. If one is unsure of the appropriate width or would like to conduct analysis for several widths, scale-space images can be used. This paper shows how the wavelet transform modulus-maxima method ...

Most of the classical mathematical methods for edge detection based on the derivative of the pixels of the original image are Gradient operators, Laplacian and Laplacian of Gaussian operators. Gradient based edge detection methods, such as Roberts, Sobel and Prewitts, have used two 2-D linear filters to process vertical edges and horizontal edges separately to approximate first-order derivative...

Background: Cigarette butts have been shown to release numerous kinds of chemicals such as heavy metals in water and may be a continual source of aquatic environments contamination after discarding. The objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of Cd and Pb in cigarette filters of different Iranian and non-Iranian brands in smoked and non-smoked samples. Methods: Ten d...

A new filter named the maximum likelihood-based iterated divided difference filter (MLIDDF) is developed to improve the low state estimation accuracy of nonlinear state estimation due to large initial estimation errors and nonlinearity of measurement equations. The MLIDDF algorithm is derivative-free and implemented only by calculating the functional evaluations. The MLIDDF algorithm involves t...

we develop a theory of stratified $lm$-filters which generalizes the theory of stratified $l$-filters. our stratification condition explicitly depends on a suitable mapping between the lattices $l$ and $m$. if $l$ and $m$ are identical and the mapping is the identity mapping, then we obtain the theory of stratified $l$-filters. based on the stratified $lm$-filters, a general theory of lattice-v...