Bronchocentric granulomatosis (BCG) is a rare chronic granulomatous lung disease that leads to destruction of the airway walls. It has been observed in association with various conditions, but never, so far, been reported to involve the central nervous system. We report a case of histologically confirmed pulmonary bronchocentric granulomatosis temporally associated with a partial central diabet...

Etiological classification of diabetes insipidus is as follows. 1. Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI) A. Idiopathic B. Familial C. Structural Causes i. Congenital: Septo-optic dysplasia Tuber cinereum Hamartoma ii. Traumatic: Iatrogenic, head trauma iii. Inflammatory: Tuberculous Meningitis Sarcoidosis Wegener’s granulomatosis Lymphocytic Hypophysitis iv. Neoplastic: a. Pediatric: Hypothalamic gl...

Central neurogenic diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and cerebral salt-wasting syndrome are secondary events that affect patients with traumatic brain injury. All 3 syndromes affect both sodium and water balance; however, they have differences in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Differentiating between hypernatremia (central neurogenic di...

There have been recent concerns raised about the hospital care of patients with diabetes insipidus and the morbidity and mortality associated with delay or omission of administration of desmopressin. This is a review of diabetes insipidus and desmopressin with a practical guide to management of these complex patients for the general paediatrician or intensive care physician caring for these chi...

We describe a case of diabetes insipidus after head injury in which thirst persisted despite treatment with DDAVP and normal plasma osmolality. Symptoms were only completely relieved when plasma osmolality was below 270 mosmol/kg. We believe that this might have been due to hypothalamic injury causing resetting of the thirst osmostat. To our knowledge, this type of primary polydipsia has not be...

We report a case of Wegener granulomatosis causing hyperprolactinemia followed by central diabetes insipidus. The initial T1-weighted MR image showed an isointense heterogeneous sellar mass. After the onset of diabetes insipidus, repeat sagittal and postcontrast T1-weighted images showed marked infundibular thickening, enlargement of the sellar mass, and enhancement of both the infundibulum and...

We report a case of Wegener's granulomatosis complicated by cranial diabetes insipidus in which no evidence of local sinus erosion or intracranial granuloma was found. Unlike previously reported cases, the diabetes insipidus has not resolved despite successful treatment of the vasculitis. The patient is also unusual in that she had a prolonged 9-month prodromal period of seronegative polyarthri...

A 45-year-old man, with a 10-year history of manic depression treated with lithium, was admitted with hyperosmolar, nonketotic coma. He gave a five-year history of polyuria and polydipsia, during which time urinalysis had been negative for glucose. After recovery from hyperglycaemia, he remained polyuric despite normal blood glucose concentrations; water deprivation testing indicated nephrogeni...

Systemic arterial vasodilation in early pregnancy is accompanied by a compensatory rise in cardiac output and a decline in BP. This relative arterial underfilling in early pregnancy is coupled to stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and hypotonicity. Arterial underfilling induces the nonosmotic stimulation of arginine vasopressin and upregulation of aquaporin 2 followed by tr...

Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disorder in the pituitary gland. The lesion is usually confined to the adenohypophysis. Although the involvement of the posterior pituitary gland or the stalk is rare, such patients with diabetes insipidus have been reported. Surgery has been used to make the definitive diagnosis. Recent studies suggest, however, that the pathologic diagnosis may ...