New formulations of camouflage face paint (CFP), one with 30% N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) and the other without DEET, were evaluated for soldier-user acceptability during a military field-training exercise in the Republic of Korea. Soldiers testing the CFP formulations were members of one of four U.S. Army infantry companies (A, B, C, or D). The formulations were evaluated while soldie...

In the aim of attacking the first conjecture of Montgomery-Vaughan on the distribution of values of the automorphic symmetric power L-functions at 1, we study the distribution function of the truncated random Euler products L(1, sym m g ♮ (ω), y) := p≤y det I − p −1 sym m g ♮ p (ω) −1 , where g ♮ (ω) := {g ♮ p (ω)} p is a sequence of independent random variables, defined in probability space Ω ...

The phylum Arthropoda includes arachnids and insects. Although their bites typically cause only local reactions, some species are venomous or transmit disease. The two medically important spiders in the United States are widow spiders (Latrodectus), the bite of which causes intense muscle spasms, and the brown recluse (Loxosceles), which may cause skin necrosis. Widow bites usually respond to n...

Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common tick-borne illness in the United States. Transmission occurs primarily through the bite of an infected deer tick (Ixodes scapularis). Identification of an erythema migrans rash following a tick bite is the only clinical manifestation sufficient to make the diagnosis of Lyme disease in the absence of laboratory confir...

On-site wastewater treatment systems are gaining popularity in areas where centralized is not available. In the current case study a domestic activated sludge system was investigated, treated effluent stored short-term (1 week turn-over time) and long-term (over 2–3 months) storage tank then used for irrigation. This design provided unique opportunity to assess chemical microbial changes of upo...

Gulf War illness (GWI) is a disorder affecting military personnel deployed in the (GW) from 1990 to 1991. Here, we will use rat model of GWI evaluate hippocampal function and cytokine levels. Rats were exposed diethyltoluamide permethrin via dermal absorption pyridostigmine bromide gavage with or without 5-min restraint for 28 days. Immediate delayed effects GW chemical exposure evaluated using...

Determination of the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in leachate and groundwater samples from the landfill sites is very important because of the proven harmful effects of these compounds on human and animal organisms. A method combining ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for simultaneous determination...

OBJECTIVE To document and test the efficacy of indigenous traditional personal protection methods against mosquito bites and general nuisance. DESIGN A prospective study based on a survey and field evaluation of selected plant-based personal protection methods against mosquito bites. SETTING Bolifamba, a rural setting of the Mount Cameroon region. SUBJECTS A structured questionnaire was a...

Mosquito-borne disease is an annual problem in Australia, with endemic pathogens such as Ross River virus infecting thousands of people each year. The recent emergence of Zika virus in South America and the Pacific, together with ongoing outbreaks of dengue viruses in Southeast Asia, generated great community interest in the most effective strategies to avoid mosquito bites. Large-scale mosquit...