BACKGROUND Self-monitoring of blood glucose by diabetics is crucial in the reduction of complications related to diabetes. Current monitoring techniques are invasive and painful, and discourage regular use. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance over the 1050-2450 nm wavelength range for noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose. METHODS Two ...

There has been growing interest in the use of diffuse infrared reflectance as a quick, inexpensive tool for soil characterization. In studies reported to date, calibration and validation samples have been collected at either a local or regional scale. For this study, we selected 3768 samples from all 50 U.S. states and two tropical territories and an additional 416 samples from 36 different cou...

Intramyocardial oxygen transport was assessed during open-chest surgery in calves by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using a small intramuscular fiber-optic probe. The sum of hemo- and myoglobin tissue fraction and oxygen saturation, the tissue fraction and oxidation of cytochrome aa3, and the tissue fraction of methemoglobin were estimated using a calibrated empirical light transport model. I...

Diffuse reflectance measurements are useful for noninvasive inspection of optical properties such as reduced scattering and absorption coefficients. Spectroscopic analysis of these optical properties can be used for particle sizing. Systems based on optical fiber probes are commonly employed, but their low spatial resolution limits their validity ranges for the coefficients. To cover a wider ra...

Spherical silica particles with bifunctional (≡Si(CH2)3NH2/≡SiCH3, ≡Si(CH2)3NH2/≡Si(CH2)2(CF2)5CF3) surface layers were produced by a one-step approach using a modified Stöber method in three-component alkoxysilane systems, resulting in greatly increased contents of functional components. The content of functional groups and thermal stability of the surface layers were analyzed by diffuse refle...

Microcalcifications geographically target the location of abnormalities within the breast and are of critical importance in breast cancer diagnosis. However, despite stereotactic guidance, core needle biopsy fails to retrieve microcalcifications in up to 15% of patients. Here, we introduce an approach based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for detection of microcalcifications that focuses on...

Water quality estimation in fresh and marine water systems with in situ above-water spectroscopy requires measurement of the volume reflectance (rhov) of water bodies. However, the above-water radiometric measurements include surface reflection (Lr) as a significant component along with volume reflection. The Lr carries no information on water quality, and hence it is considered as a major sour...

A short review of the recent status of optical biopsy of human skin as a tool for cutaneous tumour detection will be presented. Basically laserand lightinduced fluorescence and diffuse reflectance techniques incorporated in so called “optical biopsy” technique used for skin tissue analysis will be described and some original results and findings from our own investigations will be commented as ...

Analysing databases, field and airborne spectrometer data, modelling studies and publications, it becomes obvious, that there is a lack of consistency in definitions of reflectance quantities throughout the imaging spectroscopy user community. One example is the term ‘BRDF’ assigned to significantly differing quantities, ranging from the bidirectional reflectance distribution function to hemisp...