In the last decades, the development of real-time ultrasonography has allowed the direct view of the fetus in the uterus, as well as assessing its activity. The advent of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D) at the end of the 80s initiated a new era in diagnostic imaging for Obstetrics, dramatically increasing the possibility of studying the fetus. Recently, a new technique allowing the 3D im...

BACKGROUND To assess and to compare the renal volume evolution in bitches during pregnancy by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography using the ellipsoid technique (volume = length x width x depth x 0.523) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) method. A longitudinal prospective study was performed with 17 normal Golden Retrievers bitches...

Three newborn infants who had severe congestive heart failure caused by an arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen were evaluated by two-dimensional ultrasonography. Examination of the heart from standard echocardiographic planes showed right atrial and right ventricular dilatation. The superior vena cava, ascending aorta and the vessels to the head and neck were enlarged. Contrast twod...

The authors describe a case report of a uterine diverticulum in a postmenopausal woman with abnormal uterine bleeding, confirmed by 3-dimensional ultrasonography and hysteroscopy. They comment on the clinical significance of this rare lesion.

CONTEXT Anismus is a prevalent functional cause of outlet delay. It is characterized by symptoms of obstructed defecation associated with paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of two dimensional anal ultrasonography to identify anismus patients with paradoxical contraction or normal relaxation, comparing findings with manometric measurements. ...