Molecular beam electric deflection measurements have been used to determine electric susceptibilities for small unsolvated alanine-based peptides. The electric susceptibility provides information about the charge distribution within the peptide and can be used to distinguish between zwitterionic and canonical forms. Measured electric susceptibilities for WAn peptides (n = 1-5) are similar to th...

An 'arene exchange' approach has been successfully applied for the first time to the synthesis of Ru(II)-based 'tethered' reduction catalysts directly from their ligands in one step. This provides an alternative method for the formation of known complexes, and a route to a series of novel complexes. The novel complexes are highly active in both asymmetric transfer and pressure hydrogenation of ...

The direct coupling of unactivated carboxylic acids with amines can be performed in toluene 110 °C in the absence of catalyst. The use of simple zirconium catalysts at 5 mol% loading gave amide formation in as little as 4 h.

The syn-CH3CHOO Criegee intermediate formed from the ozonolysis of propene and (E)-2-butene was detected via unimolecular decomposition and subsequent detection of OH radicals by a LIF-FAGE instrument. An observed time dependent OH concentration profile was analysed using a detailed model focusing on the speciated chemistry of Criegee intermediates based on the recent literature. The absolute O...

Development of multicellular organisms requires specification of diverse cell types. In plants, development is continuous and because plant cells are surrounded by rigid cell walls, cell division and specification of daughter cell fate must be carefully orchestrated. During embryonic and postembryonic plant development, the specification of cell types is determined both by positional cues and c...

Research on chlorine-free conversions of P4 into organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) has a long track record, but methods that allow desirable, direct P-C bond formations have only recently emerged. These include the use of metal organyls, carbenes, carboradicals, and photochemical approaches. The versatile product scope enables the preparation of both industrially relevant organophosphorus compo...

We report the first observation of a shoulder in the radiation spectrum from GeV electrons in a structured target consisting of two thin and closely spaced foils. The position of the shoulder depends on the target spacing and is directly connected to the finite formation length of a low-energy photon emitted by an ultrarelativistic electron. With the present setup it is possible to control the ...

Rights: © 1995 American Physical Society (APS). This is the accepted version of the following article: Mattila, T. & Nieminen, Risto M. 1995. Direct Antisite Formation in Electron Irradiation of GaAs. Physical Review Letters. Volume 74, Issue 14. 2721-2724. ISSN 0031-9007 (printed). DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.2721, which has been published in final form at http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/...

BACKGROUND Descriptions of fracture healing almost exclusively deal with shaft fractures and they often emphasize endochondral bone formation. In reality, most fractures occur in metaphyseal cancellous bone. Apart from a study of vertebral fractures, we have not found any histological description of cancellous bone healing in humans. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied histological biopsies from ...

The biaryl structural motif is a predominant feature in many pharmaceutically relevant and biologically active compounds. As a result, for over a century1 organic chemists have sought to develop new and more efficient aryl-aryl bond-forming methods. Although there exist a variety of routes for the construction of aryl-aryl bonds, arguably the most common method is through the use of transition-...