Due to the simple structure, high torque density, low maintenance, and high efficiency, brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are widely used in automation and industrial applications. A control strategy based on single current sensor is proposed for a four-switch three-phase BLDC motor system to lower cost and improve reliability. The whole working process of the BLDC motor is divided into si...

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We compute the effect of small-size instantons on the coefficient function of the chiral condensate in the operator product expansion of current-current correlators. Furthermore, we also compute the instanton corrections associated with four-quark and six-quark operators in the factorization approximation. We discuss the phenomenological implications of our result. CERN-TH.7483/94 IFUM 483/FT N...

Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive form of brain stimulation similar to transcranial magnetic stimulation, but instead of using magnets, it uses a lowintensity, constant current applied through scalp electrodes. Generally, anodal stimulation induces an increase of cortical excitability, whereas cathodal stimulation decreases cortical excitability, with effects that...

: Low-frequency flicker noise has been measured in a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) device made from a single strand of a single crystalline Si nanowire (diameter approximately 50 nm). Measurement was done with an alternating current (ac) excitation for the noise measurement superimposed with direct current (dc) bias that can be controlled independently. The observed noise has a spectral power...

Light-emitting diodes operating on alternating current (AC) are gaining popularity in lighting applications. The junction temperature of an LED significantly influences performance. Although there are many proven methods for estimating the junction temperature of direct current (DC) LEDs, only a few methods have been proposed for AC LEDs. Two different methods were investigated and analyzed for...

Transcranial stimulation with weak direct current (DC) has been valuable in exploring the effect of cortical modulation on various neural networks. Less attention has been given, however, to cranial stimulation with low-intensity alternating current (AC). Reviewing and discussing these methods simultaneously with special attention to what is known about their mechanisms of action may provide ne...

This review paper discusses power quality considerations for direct current (DC) electric power distribution systems, particularly DC microgrids. First, four selected sample DC architectures are discussed to provide motivation for the consideration of power quality in DC systems. Second, a brief overview of power quality challenges in conventional alternating current (AC) distribution systems i...

Breakdown strength is an important electrical property of insulating paper. Oil-impregnated paper of various aging states was prepared. Its breakdown voltage was then measured at pulsating direct current (DC) voltage with various ripple factors, and alternating current (AC) and DC voltage for comparison, respectively. The AC breakdown voltage is the smallest, and pulsating DC (r = 1/5) breakdow...

This investigation examines responses of protoplasts in a systematic and quantitative way to the various electrical treatments used to achieve electrofusion and their individual and cumulative effect on protoplast viability. Mesophyll and cell suspension protoplasts from two species of the same genera, Nicotiana tabacum and N. rustica var brasilia were used in these experiments. Optimal frequen...