We consider the problem of finding a trellis for a finear block code that minimizes one or more measures of trellis complexity. The domain of optimization may be different permutations of the same code or different codes with the same parameters. Constraints on trellises, including relationships between the minimal trellis of a code and that of the dual code, are used to derive bounds on comple...

Abstract Nine characteristics of discontinuous agreement are shown to flow from a syntax that deals in whole phi structures and linearisation algorithm renders these when conditions converge. This approach is demonstrably superior reliance solely on syntax, morphology, or the lexicon, outperforming across range morphological syntactic data Afroasiatic languages those Australia Papua New Guinea.

crop residue is a non-chemical method of weed control in agricultural sustainable systems. this research was conducted at the alarogh site of ardabilto evaluate the effect of integrated use of mulch and herbicide on weed emergence and growth in potato in 2007. treatments were four levels herbicide including: (1) paraquat [n,n'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride] herbicide as pre-pl...

the seedbed preparation and cereal residue present due to limit of maize (zea mays l.) growing period are a major challenge in double cropping after winter cereals in iran as: shahrekord. in this research, effects of various seedbed preparation methods and crop residuea managements on vegetative growth and yield of forage maize (ksc 704) were studied in a barley-maize double cropping during 200...

the purpose of this study is the utilization of furfural residue for heating energy and activated carbon production. to evaluate the energy production of the residue, bulk density, melting point, and heating value were measured. furthermore, moisture, ash, volatile compounds, fixed carbon, lignin, and elements were determined. ash and volatile content average were measured at 15.4% and 68.9%, r...

Difference Systems of Sets (DSS) are combinatorial configurations that arise in connection with code synchronization. A method for the construction of DSS from partitions of cyclic difference sets was introduced in [6] and applied to cyclic difference sets (n, (n−1)/2, (n−3)/4) of Paley type, where n ≡ 3 (mod 4) is a prime number. This paper develops similar constructions for prime numbers n ≡ ...

In this paper we present a family of ternary quasi-perfect BCH codes. These codes are of minimum distance 5 and covering radius 3. The first member of this family is the ternary quadratic-residue code of length 13.

Let n ∈ N and let A ⊆ Z/nZ be such that A does not contain 0 and it is non–empty. Generalizing a well known constant, EA(n) is defined to be the least t ∈ N such that for all sequences (x1, . . . , xt) ∈ Z, there exist indices j1, . . . , jn ∈ N, 1 ≤ j1 < · · · < jn ≤ t, and (θ1, · · · ,θn) ∈ A with ∑n i=1 θixji ≡ 0 (mod n). Similarly, for any such set A, we define the Davenport Constant of Z/n...