Collapse sinkholes are common in areas where gypsum strata underlie rock that is incompetent to bridge the cavities created by groundwater dissolution of gypsum. On floodplains these can be obscured due fill overbank deposits, and channels tend migrate towards larger enclosed depressions. This study utilises GIS analyse influence exerted small collapse on channel dynamics alluvial River Ure, UK...

clustering is an effective approach for managing nodes in wireless sensor network (wsn). a new method of clustering mechanism with using binary gravitational search algorithm (bgsa) in wsn, is proposed in this paper to improve the energy consumption of the sensor nodes.reducing the energy consumption of sensors in wsnsis the objective of this paper that is through selecting thesub optimum senso...