the wiener index $w(g)$ of a connected graph $g$‎ ‎is defined as $w(g)=sum_{u,vin v(g)}d_g(u,v)$‎ ‎where $d_g(u,v)$ is the distance between the vertices $u$ and $v$ of‎ ‎$g$‎. ‎for $ssubseteq v(g)$‎, ‎the {it steiner distance/} $d(s)$ of‎ ‎the vertices of $s$ is the minimum size of a connected subgraph of‎ ‎$g$ whose vertex set is $s$‎. ‎the {it $k$-th steiner wiener index/}‎ ‎$sw_k(g)$ of $g$ ...

In this study, a water quality model of Haraz basin was used as an evaluative tool to estimate the spatial distribution of variables that are related to water quality and nutrient loads of the Haraz River. Previous studies performed in this river indicate that trout culture activity along the Haraz River have led to various changes in the water quality parameters. In the present work, the possi...

Beam quality correction, kQQ0(r), for solid-state detectors diamond, LiF, Li2B4O7, Al2O3, and plastic scintillator are calculated as a function of distance, r, along the transverse axis of the 60Co and 192Ir brachytherapy sources using the Monte Carlo- based EGSnrc code system. This study also includes calculation of detector-specific phantom scatter correction, kphan(r), for solid phantoms suc...

The recent droughts in Iran made a decline in groundwater table and the migration of villagers to cities was hindered supplying drinking water for the current population. Therefore it should be considered as an important issue. In this regard, it is possible to achieve this goal by constructing underground dams that recently have been suggested to replace by medium and small overland dams. The ...

water use productivity is one of the most important factors in scientific agriculture. it is equal to 0. 7 kg of production per cubic meter of irrigation water (kg/m3) in iran which is very low in comparison with advanced countries (1 to 2 kg/m3). current research studies temporal and spatialchanges of water use productivity in hamedan province in iran using geographic information system (gis),...

let $g$ be an $(n,m)$-graph. we say that $g$ has property $(ast)$if for every pair of its adjacent vertices $x$ and $y$, thereexists a vertex $z$, such that $z$ is not adjacentto either $x$ or $y$. if the graph $g$ has property $(ast)$, thenits complement $overline g$ is connected, has diameter 2, and itswiener index is equal to $binom{n}{2}+m$, i.e., the wiener indexis insensitive of any other...

In this work, a molecular dynamics simulation of the transport of water - methanol mixture through the single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is reported. Methanol and water are selected as fluid molecules since water represents a strongly polar molecule while methanol is as an intermediate between polar and strongly polar molecules. Some physical properties of the methanol-water mixture such as r...

Relief wells are used extensively to relieve excess hydrostatic pressure in pervious foundation strata overlain by impervious top strata, conditions which often exist landward of levees and downstream of dams and hydraulic structures. Placing well outlets in below-surface trenches or collector pipes helps dry up seepage areas downstream of levees and dams. Relief wells are often used in combina...

An experimental investigation is conducted to calculate the shock standoff (SSO) distance in front of an acute-angled wedge. For this experimentation, simple water flows channel analysis is carried out. The flow velocity is varied from 13.2 cm/s to 25.5 cm/s increasing in steps of 1 cm/s. A velocity of 13.2 cm/s corresponds to Froude number 1.13 and velocity of 25.5 cm/s to Froude number 1.41. ...